Yintoni i-Antenna Directivity?
Impendulo ekhawulezileyo:I-Antenna directional ichaza indlela i-antenna egxininisa ngayo ngamandla amandla akhutshwayo kwicala elithile xa ithelekiswa ne-isotropic radiator efanelekileyo. I-isotropic radiator inolawulo lwe-1, okanye i-0 dBi.
Ulawulo oluphezulu luvelisa ipateni yemitha emxinwa negxile ngakumbi, ngelixa ulawulo oluphantsi lubonelela nge-engile ebanzi. Ulawulo luxhomekeke kwimilo yepateni yemitha kwaye alubandakanyi ukulahleka kwe-antenna.
Ipatheni yemitha eqhelekileyo ingabonakaliswa kwii-coordinates ezijikelezayo ngolu hlobo:
Ipateni yeMisebe eqhelekileyo
Ifomula yoLawulo lwe-Antena
Ipateni yemitha eqhelekileyo inomfanekiso ofanayo nowepatheni yokuqala, kodwa ixabiso layo eliphezulu lilinganiswa ukuya ku-1. Isikhokelo se-antenna, sibhalwe ngolu hloboD, ithelekisa ubukhulu bokukhanya kwemitha kunye nobukhulu bokukhanya kwemitha obuqhelekileyo kuzo zonke iindlela.
I-denominator ye-equation imele ipatheni iyonke edityaniswe kwisphere. Ukwahlula ixabiso eliphezulu ngalo myinge wendawo kubonisa indlela i-antenna egxininisa ngayo amandla kwicala layo eliphambili.
Ulwalathiso vs. Ukuzuza
I-Directivity ichaza kuphela indlela ipateni yemitha egxininisiweyo ngayo. Ukwanda kwe-antenna kukwabangela ukusebenza kakuhle kwemitha, kubandakanya ukulahleka kwe-conductive kunye ne-dielectric.
Ubudlelwane buG = ηDaphoGyinzuzo,ηukusebenza kakuhle kwemitha, kwayeDyi-directivity. I-antenna engenalahleko inenzuzo elingana ne-directivity yayo; kwi-antenna yokwenyani, inzuzo idla ngokuba phantsi. Zombini ezi xabiso zibonakaliswa rhoqo kwi-dBi xa zibhekiselwa kwi-radiator ye-isotropic.
Umzekelo Wokubala Ulwalathiso
Njengomzekelo, cinga ngee-equation ezimbini ezilandelayo zepateni yemitha yee-antenna ezimbini.
I-antenna 1
I-antenna 2
Iphethini yeMisebe kunye neZikhokelo
Ezi patheni zilandelayo ziyahluka ngokwe-polar angleθkwaye kucingelwa ukuba zihlala zihleli kunye ne-azimuth. I-Antenna 1 isasaza imitha yayo ngokubanzi, ngelixa i-Antenna 2 igxila amandla amaninzi kwicala layo eliphambili.
Ngenxa yokuba umqadi oyintloko omxinwa umele uxinzelelo olukhulu lwamandla akhutshwayo, kulindeleke ukuba i-Antenna 2 ibe nesikhokelo esiphezulu.
Umfanekiso 1. Uthelekiso lweepateni ezimbini zemitha eziqhelekileyo. Ipateni egxininisiweyo ngakumbi inesikhokelo esiphezulu.
Iziphumo Zokubala Ulwalathiso
Ukusebenzisa i-equation ye-directivity kwiipateni ezimbini zemizekelo kunika:
- I-antenna 1:D = 1.273, okanye 1.05 dBi
- I-antenna 2:D = 2.707, okanye 4.32 dBi
I-Antenna 2 ine-directivity ephezulu kuba i-radiation yayo igxile kakhulu kwicala eliphambili. I-radiator ye-isotropic isetyenziswa njengereferensi ye-0 dBi nangona iyimodeli efanelekileyo kunokuba yi-antenna ebonakalayo.
Izicelo ze-Directivity eziphezulu kunye neziphantsi
Ii-antenna ezisebenza kancincizibonelela nge-engile ebanzi kwaye ziluncedo xa imiqondiso inokufika ivela kumacala ahlukeneyo, njengezixhobo eziphathwayo, iirediyo zezithuthi, kunye nokufikelela ngokubanzi ngaphandle kweengcingo.
Ii-antenna ezikhokelayo eziphezulugxila amandla kwi-beam encinci. Zikhethwa kakhulu kwiikhonkco zesathelayithi, i-radar, i-remote sensing, kunye nonxibelelwano oluvela kwindawo ukuya kwenye apho kwaziwa khona icala elifunekayo.
Itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa uluhlu oluqikelelweyo lweendlela ezahlukeneyo ze-antenna.
Amaxabiso aqhelekileyo e-Antenna Directivity
| Uhlobo lwe-antenna | Umlinganiselo wolwalathiso oluqikelelweyo | Isikhokelo esiqikelelweyo (dBi) |
|---|---|---|
| I-dipole emfutshane | 1.5 | 1.76 |
| I-dipole yesiqingatha-samaza | 1.64 | 2.15 |
| I-antenna yepetshi | 3.2-6.3 | 5-8 |
| I-antenna yephondo | 10-100 | 10-20 |
| I-antenna yesitya | 10-10,000 | 10-40 |
La maxabiso amele uluhlu. Ulwalathiso lokwenyani luxhomekeke kwimvamisa, ubungakanani bombane, ijiyometri, ukukhanya, kunye neemeko zokusebenza.
Ilinganiswa Njani I-Antenna Directivity?
I-Directivity idla ngokugqitywa ngepateni yemitha elinganisiweyo. I-antenna evavanywayo ibonakaliswa ngaphezulu kwe-azimuth kunye nokuphakama, kwaye idatha yentsimi okanye yamandla ephumayo iyalungelelaniswa ukuze kwenziwe ipateni enemilinganiselo emithathu.
- Linganisa inqanaba lemitha ehambelanayo kuluhlu olufunekayo lwe-angular.
- Chonga ubunzulu obukhulu bemitha.
- Hlanganisa ipateni yemitha phezu kwe-engile eqinileyo ukuze ufumane umyinge wendawo.
- Yahlula i-peak intensity ngomlinganiselo ophakathi kwaye uveze isiphumo njengomlinganiselo okanye kwi-dBi.
Ilawulwauvavanyo lwe-antennakunceda ekunciphiseni ukubonakaliswa kunye nokungaqiniseki kokulinganisa xa kuvavanywa iipatheni zemitha, inzuzo, i-polarisation, kunye ne-directivity.
Indlela Ubungakanani be-Antenna obuyichaphazela ngayo i-Directivity
Ubungakanani bombane buyichaphazela kakhulu indlela yokukhanya kwelanga. I-antenna encinci yento enye idla ngokuvelisa umqadi obanzi kunye nolwalathiso oluphantsi. Ukwandisa umngxuma osebenzayo kwiiwavelengths kuvumela i-antenna okanye uluhlu ukuba zenze umqadi omfutshane kwaye zifezekise ulawulo oluphezulu.
- Isikhokelo esisezantsi:iluncedo ekugubungeleni indawo ebanzi kunye nemiqondiso evela kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo.
- Isikhokelo esiphezulu:iluncedo kwiikhonkco ezigxile, ukukhetha okuphuculweyo kwe-angular, kunye nokwaliwa kwemiqondiso engaphandle komqadi oyintloko.
Ulawulo alumiselwanga bubungakanani bomzimba kuphela. Ijiyometri, usasazo lwangoku, isithuba se-array kunye ne-phasing, ukukhanya kwe-aperture, kunye ne-operating frequency zonke zichaphazela ipateni yokugqibela yemitha.
Umqadi omxinwa ngokubanzi uhambelana nolwalathiso oluphezulu, kodwa ukwafuna ukukhomba nokulungelelanisa ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuze ufumane ulwalamano phakathi kolwalathiso, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokusebenza okufezekisiweyo, jongaukusebenza kakuhle kwe-antenna kunye nenzuzo.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Iyintoni i-antenna directionactivity ngamazwi alula?
Lumlinganiselo wokuba i-antenna igxininisa kangakanani imitha kwicala elinye xa ithelekiswa nemitha eqhelekileyo kuzo zonke iindlela.
Ngaba i-antenna directional iyafana ne-gain?
Hayi. I-Directivity ichaza uxinaniso lwepateni, ngelixa i-gain ikwabandakanya ukusebenza kakuhle kwemitha. Ulwalamano lwabo yi-G = ηD.
Ithetha ukuthini i-0 dBi directionivity?
Ihambelana neradiator ye-isotropic efanelekileyo enomlinganiselo we-directivity we-1. Yireferensi esetyenziselwa ukubonisa i-directivity kwi-dBi.
Inganyuswa njani indlela yokulawula i-antenna?
I-Directivity ingandiswa ngokwandisa i-electrical aperture esebenzayo, kusetyenziswa ii-reflectors okanye iilensi, ukwenza ii-arrays ezine-amplitude kunye ne-phase elawulwayo, okanye ukukhetha i-geometry evelisa i-main beam encinci.
Ngaba ulawulo oluphezulu lusoloko luthetha i-antenna engcono?
Hayi. Ulawulo oluphezulu luluncedo xa ulwalathiso olujoliswe kulo luyaziwa, kodwa ulwalathiso olubanzi lunokuba lubaluleke ngakumbi kwizicelo zeselula okanye zeendlela ezininzi. Ukhetho oluchanekileyo luxhomekeke kwikhonkco, ulwalathiso, i-bandwidth, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye neemfuno zokufakela.
Ukuze ufumane uncedo ekukhetheni okanye ekuvavanyeni i-antenna yesicelo sakho,nxibelelana ne-RF MISOokanye i-imeyileinfo@rf-miso.com.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-07-2023
