Ii-Antennas zoMkhosi: Izicelo, Iintlobo kunye neSikhokelo soKhetho

Ii-antenna zomkhosiZenza unxibelelwano lwe-RF phakathi kweqonga lokhuselo kunye nendalo esingqongileyo ye-electromagnetic. Zixhasa unxibelelwano, i-radar, iikhonkco zesathelayithi, ukujonga i-spectrum, ukufumana indlela, iinkqubo ze-telemetry kunye nemfazwe ye-elektroniki emhlabeni, kwizithuthi, emoyeni, elwandle nakwiindawo ezimiselweyo.

Akukho luhlobo lunye lwe-antenna olulungele yonke inkqubo yomkhosi. I-antenna yesithuthi esiphantsi, i-antenna yeradar ene-high-gain kunye ne-antenna yokulinganisa i-broadband zisombulula iingxaki ezahlukeneyo. Ukhetho olufanelekileyo luxhomekeke kuluhlu lweefrikhwensi, i-bandwidth, i-gain, i-beamwidth, i-polarization, imida yeqonga, ukuvezwa kwendalo kunye neendlela ezisetyenziswa yinkqubo epheleleyo ye-RF.

Yintoni i-Antenna yoMkhosi?

I-antenna yomkhosi yi-antenna ekhethiweyo okanye eyenzelwe inkqubo yokuzikhusela, ye-aerospace okanye ye-RF karhulumente. Imigaqo ye-antenna esisiseko iyafana neyeenkqubo zorhwebo, kodwa ukuhlanganiswa komkhosi kudla ngokugxininisa ngakumbi ekuthembekeni, ukuphindaphinda, ukuqina kokusingqongileyo, ukuhambelana kwe-electromagnetic kunye nokulingana koomatshini.

I-antenna ayinakuvavanywa yodwa. Imigca yokutya, izihlanganisi, utshintsho lwe-waveguide, ii-radomes, izakhiwo zokufaka kunye neendawo ezikufutshane zokuqhuba zonke zinokutshintsha ukuhambelana kwe-impedance kunye nepatheni yemitha. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukukhetha i-antenna yomkhosi kufuneka kuqale ngemfuneko epheleleyo yenkqubo kunokuba kuqale ngohlobo lwe-antenna kuphela.

Izicelo ze-Antenna zoMkhosi eziPhambili

Unxibelelwano lomkhosi

Ii-antenna zonxibelelwano lomkhosi zithwala ilizwi, idatha, imifanekiso kunye nolwazi lolawulo phakathi kwabasebenzi, izithuthi, iinqwelomoya, iinqanawa, iindawo ezisisigxina kunye neeterminal ezikude. Ukugubungela okubhekisele kwicala ngalinye kunokuba luncedo xa ulwalathiso lwesinye isikhululo lutshintsha, ngelixa i-antenna ebhekisele kwicala elithile inokubonelela ngenzuzo ephezulu kunye nokukhetha okungcono kwendawo yonxibelelwano oluya kwindawo ethile.

Imibuzo ebalulekileyo yoyilo ibandakanya ibhendi yokusebenza epheleleyo, ukugqunywa okufunekayo, i-polarization, ukujongwa kweqonga, indawo yokufakela ekhoyo kunye nokulahleka komgca wokuphakelwa. I-antenna kufuneka ihambelane nerediyo, izihluzi, ii-amplifier kunye nezinye izinto ze-RF kwikhonkco.

Ukulandelela iradar kunye nethagethi

Ii-antenna zeradar zidlulisela amandla e-electromagnetic kwaye zifumana imiqondiso ebonakalisiweyo ukuze zibonwe, zibekwe kwindawo enye, zilandelelwe, zithathwe imifanekiso okanye zilinganiswe. Ukwanda okuphezulu kunye nomqadi olawulwayo kudla ngokuba yinto ebalulekileyo, kodwa ububanzi be-beam, ukugubungela iskena kunye nokusebenza kwe-sidelobe kuxhomekeke kuyilo lweradar.

Ii-antenna zephondo zihlala zisetyenziswa njengezondlayo, ii-antenna zesalathiso kunye nee-antenna zokulinganisa. Ii-antenna ze-Reflector zibonelela ngesikhokelo esiphezulu, ngelixa ii-antenna ze-array zinokuxhasa ukuqhutywa kwe-elektroniki. Ukuze ufumane isishwankathelo soyilo lwe-radar oluskenwe nge-elektroniki, jongaYintoni i-PESA Radar?

Iikhonkco zesathelayithi kunye nezinye izinto ezingaphaya komgca wokubona

Iinkqubo zonxibelelwano lwesathelayithi zihlala zifuna ukufumana indlela, ukukhomba ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokuphola okuzinzileyo. Ukuphola okujikelezayo kunokunciphisa uvakalelo lokujonga okunxulumeneyo kwezinye iikhonkco, ngelixa ii-antenna ezi-dual-polarized zinokuxhasa iitshaneli ezimbini ze-orthogonal okanye ulungelelwaniso oluguquguqukayo lokulinganisa. I-antenna, i-feed kunye ne-radome kufuneka zihlolwe kunye kuba iimpazamo zokulahleka okanye ukuphola zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umda wekhonkco.

Ukubeka iliso kwi-spectrum kunye nokufumana indlela

Iinkqubo zokubeka esweni imiqondiso kunye nokukhangela indlela zinokufuna ukugubungela i-frequency ebanzi, iipatheni zemitha ezizinzileyo kunye nempendulo eyaziwayo ye-polarization. Ii-antenna ze-log-periodic, biconical, spiral kunye ne-broadband horn zizinto eziqhelekileyo, kuxhomekeke kwibhendi efunekayo, i-gain kunye ne-angular coverage.

Kwimilinganiselo elinganisiweyo, idatha yepateni ephindaphindwayo kunye neplani yesalathiso echazwe ngokucacileyo zibalulekile. Ukuhamba kwentambo, ukuguguleka kwesixhumi kunye nezakhiwo ezikufutshane kunokubangela iimpazamo ezinokuthi zibangelwe yi-antenna.

Imfazwe ye-elektroniki kunye novavanyo lwe-electromagnetic

Inkxaso ye-elektroniki, ukhuseleko lwe-elektroniki kunye neenkqubo zovavanyo lwe-electromagnetic zisebenzisa ii-antenna ukuhambisa, ukufumana, ukujonga okanye ukuchaza amandla e-RF kwiibhendi ezithile. Ukusebenza kwe-broadband, ulawulo lwe-polarization, ukwahlulwa kwezibuko kunye nokuphathwa kwamandla kunokubaluleka. Imfuneko echanekileyo kufuneka ichazwe kwinqanaba lenkqubo, kubandakanya imeko yokusebenza kunye nendlela yokulinganisa.

Amaqonga aqhutywa emoyeni, aselwandle, ezithuthi kunye nangenabantu

Ukuhlanganiswa kweqonga kunokubaluleka njengokusebenza kombane. Iinkqubo eziqhutywa ngomoya nezingenamntu zinokubeka phambili ubunzima obuphantsi, ubungakanani obuncinci kunye nokufakelwa kwe-aerodynamic. Iinkqubo zezithuthi kufuneka ziqwalasele ukungcangcazela, ukuhanjiswa kweentambo kunye nempembelelo yomzimba wesithuthi. Ukufakelwa kwenqanawa kunye nokufakelwa kwangaphandle kufuna ingqalelo kumswakama, ukuvezwa kwetyuwa, ukutywinwa kunye nokukhuselwa kokugqwala.

Iindidi eziqhelekileyo ze-Antennas zoMkhosi

Ii-eriyali zeempondo

Ii-antenna zeHorn zibonelela ngemitha ekhokelayo, inzuzo eluncedo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-microwave. Iimpondo zeStandard-gain zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimilinganiselo zesalathiso, ukulinganiswa kunye noluhlu lwee-antenna. Iimpondo zeBroadband zixhasa iibhendi zokusebenza ezibanzi, ngelixa uyilo oluyi-conical kunye nolwe-corrugated lunokubonelela ngeempawu ezahlukeneyo zepateni kunye ne-polarisation.

Ii-antennas zeempondo ezimbini ezipolishiweyo

Ii-antenna ze-dual-polarized horn zibonelela ngee-ports ezimbini ze-orthogonal polarization. Ziluncedo xa inkqubo kufuneka ithelekise ii-channels ze-polarization, iphucule ukuguquguquka kokulinganisa okanye ixhase ukwahluka kwe-polarization. Ukwahlulwa kwee-port, ukusebenza kwe-cross-polarization kunye nolwalathiso lwee-channels ezimbini kufuneka kuqinisekiswe kulo lonke ibhendi.

Ii-antenna ze-array

Ii-antenna ze-array zidibanisa izinto ezininzi ezikhupha imitha ukuze zibumbe okanye zilawule umqadi. Ii-array ze-planar kunye nee-array ze-waveguide-slot zinokuyilwa ukuze zizuze kakhulu, ii-sidelobes ezilawulwayo kunye nokuskena nge-elektroniki. Ukusebenza kwazo kuxhomekeke kwipateni ye-element, isithuba, inethiwekhi yokutya, ulawulo lwesigaba kunye ne-amplitude, uyilo lobushushu kunye nokulinganiswa.

Ii-antenna ezibonisa ukukhanya

Ii-antenna ze-Prime-focus kunye ne-Cassegrain reflector zinokubonelela ngemitha ephezulu yokuzuza kunye ne-cincile ye-radar, unxibelelwano lwesathelayithi kunye neenkqubo zokulinganisa. Ukukhethwa kokutya, i-reflector geometry, ukuvaleka, ukuchaneka komphezulu kunye nokulungelelaniswa konke oku kuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza kwe-sidelobe.

Ii-antenna ze-log-periodic, biconical kunye ne-spiral

Ezi ntsapho zee-antenna zihlala ziqwalaselwa xa kufuneka ukugubungela i-wide frequency. Ii-antenna ze-log-periodic zibonelela ngokusebenza kwe-broadband kwicala elithile. Ii-antenna ze-biconical zibonelela nge-bandwidth ebanzi ene-azimuth ekufutshane ne-omnidirectional kwiimodeli ezifanelekileyo. Ii-antenna ezijikelezayo zinokuxhasa ukuvuleka kwe-broadband xa iimfuno ze-handness kunye ne-axial-ratio zihambelana ngokuchanekileyo.

Ii-antenna ze-probe ze-Waveguide

Ii-probe ze-Waveguide zii-antenna ezincinci ezisetyenziswa kwi-microwave kunye ne-millimeter-wave measurement sets, iinkqubo ezikufutshane ne-field kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa. Ukukhethwa kuxhomekeke kwi-waveguide band, i-flange, i-polarization, i-beamwidth kunye ne-geometry yokulinganisa efunekayo.

Indlela yokukhetha i-Antenna yoMkhosi

1. Chaza uluhlu olupheleleyo lweefrikhwensi

Cacisa iifrikhwensi zokusebenza ezisezantsi neziphezulu, kuquka naluphi na umgama wovavanyo okanye wokulungisa. Imodeli egubungela inxalenye yebhendi kuphela inokubonisa ukusebenza okwamkelekileyo kwifrikhwensi esembindini kodwa ukuchasana okungalunganga kwe-impedance okanye ukuphazamiseka kwepateni kufutshane nemiphetho yebhendi.

2. Ukwanda komdlalo, ububanzi be-beammit kunye nokugubungela

Ububanzi be-gain kunye ne-beamwidth zidibene. I-antenna ekhokelela ekufumaneni amandla aphezulu idla ngokugxininisa amandla kwindawo encinci ye-engile, ngelixa i-antenna egubungelayo ngokubanzi itshintshiselana ngolwalathiso lwendawo yokujonga. Khetha ipateni ngokwejometri yekhonkco efunekayo, indawo yokuskena kunye nolwalathiso lokufakelwa.

3. Qinisekisa ukuvuleka

I-polarization ethe tyaba, ethe tyaba kunye ne-circular polarization azitshintshi. Ukungafani kwe-polarization kunokudala ilahleko enkulu yesiginali nokuba i-frequency kunye ne-gain zibonakala zichanekile. Kwiinkqubo ze-polarized ezithe tyaba, qinisekisa i-RHCP okanye i-LHCP kwaye uhlole umlinganiselo we-axial kulo lonke ummandla we-angular ofunekayo. Kwii-antennas ezithe tyaba, jonga kwakhona i-port kunye ne-cross-polarization isolation.

4. Hlola i-VSWR, ilahleko yembuyekezo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwayo

I-VSWR kunye nokulahleka kokubuya kubonisa indlela igalelo le-antenna elihambelana ngayo nenkqubo ye-RF. La maxabiso kufuneka ahlolwe kulo lonke ibhendi, kungekhona nge-frequency enye. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwemitha, ukulahleka kokutya kunye nokulahleka kwe-radome kufuneka kufakwe xa kuqikelelwa ukusebenza kwenkqubo okufezekisiweyo.

5. Jonga indlela yokuphatha amandla kunye neendlela zokunxibelelana

Qinisekisa amandla aphakathi kunye naphezulu, uhlobo lwesixhumi kunye nesini, ubungakanani be-waveguide, i-flange, uhlobo lwentambo kunye nayo nayiphi na i-adaptha efunekayo. I-antenna efanelekileyo ngombane isenokungaphumeleli ukuhlanganiswa ukuba i-interface yokudibana, imfuneko ye-torque okanye i-clearance yokufaka ayilunganga.

6. Cinga ngeqonga kunye nendawo engqongileyo

Hlola ubushushu, ukufuma, imvula, i-icing, i-vibration, i-shock, i-altitude, i-safety exposure kunye neemfuno zokugqwala. Kwakhona jonga ukuqina kwe-mounting, izinto ze-radome, izakhiwo ezikufutshane kunye ne-cable routing. Ufakelo olulawulwayo lunciphisa ukugqwetheka kwepateni kwaye luphucula ukuphindaphindwa komlinganiselo.

7. Qinisekisa ukusebenza kulungiselelo lokugqibela

Idatha ye-antenna yomzi-mveliso ibalulekile, kodwa inkqubo efakiweyo kufuneka iqinisekiswe nge-feed yokwenyani, isakhiwo sokufakela kunye ne-radome nanini na kunokwenzeka. Linganisa i-S11 phezu kwebhendi epheleleyo, hlola izihlanganisi kunye neendawo zokunxibelelana, kwaye uthelekise ukuziphatha kwemitha kunye nogubungelo olucetywayo. Inkqubo yokusombulula iingxaki kwiKutheni i-Antenna yam yeMicrowave ingasebenzi kakuhle?ibonelela ngoluhlu lokuhlola olusebenzayo kwinqanaba lenkqubo.

Iinketho ze-RF MISO Antenna kwiinkqubo zoMkhosi kunye nezeeNqwelo-moya

I-RF MISO inikezela ngeemveliso ze-antenna ezisemgangathweni nezinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso ze-radar, unxibelelwano, ukulinganisa, i-aerospace kunye neenkqubo ze-RF ezinxulumene nazo. Iimodeli ezingezantsi zibonisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ze-frequency, i-gain kunye ne-polarization. Ukhetho lokugqibela kufuneka lusekelwe rhoqo kwiinkcukacha ezipapashweyo zemodeli nganye kunye neemfuno zenkqubo epheleleyo.

• RM-BDPHA0818-12: I-antenna ye-broadband ye-0.8-18 GHz ene-horn ephindwe kabini ene-12 dBi eqhelekileyo.
• RM-CDPHA3337-20: I-antenna ye-33-37 GHz eneempondo ezimbini ezijikelezileyo ezine-20 dBi eqhelekileyo.
• RM-BDPHA218-15O: I-antenna ye-broadband ye-2-18 GHz ene-polarized horn ephindwe kabini ene-15 dBi eqhelekileyo.
• I-RM-WPA6-8: Iprobe ye-waveguide ye-D-band eyi-110-170 GHz ene-8 dBi typical gain kunye ne-WR-6 interface.
• RM-BDHA1840-13: I-antenna ye-broadband e-18-40 GHz elungelelanisiweyo ene-13 dBi eqhelekileyo yokufumana amandla.

Ukuze uphonononge ngobuchwephesha, bonelela ngebhendi yokusebenza, ububanzi be-gain kunye ne-beammit efunekayo, i-polarization, iqonga, i-RF interface, i-envelope ekhoyo, iimeko zokusingqongileyo, inqanaba lamandla kunye nobungakanani. Imizobo yendawo yokufakela kunye ne-mating interfaces inceda ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wokudibanisa.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Yintoni eyenza i-antenna ifaneleke ukusetyenziswa emkhosini?

Ukufaneleka kuxhomekeke kwimfuneko epheleleyo. Ukongeza ekusebenzeni kombane, i-antenna inokufuna i-mechanical interfaces ethile, ukuqina kwendalo, idatha yokulinganisa ephindaphindwayo, ukuphathwa kwamandla kunye nokuhambelana neqonga kunye ne-RF chain.

Loluphi uhlobo lwe-antenna olulungele unxibelelwano lomkhosi?

Akukho hlobo lubalaseleyo olusetyenziswa kwihlabathi liphela. Ii-antenna ezisebenzisa i-omnidirectional zixhasa ukugubungela okubanzi kwe-angular, ngelixa ii-antenna ezisebenzisa i-directional zibonelela ngenzuzo ephezulu kwiikhonkco ezichaziweyo. Ubuninzi, i-bandwidth, ulwalathiso lweqonga, i-polarisation kunye nemida yokufakela kumisela uyilo olufanelekileyo.

Kutheni kusetyenziswa ii-antenna ezi-dual-polarized?

Ii-antenna ezi-dual-polarized zibonelela ngeetshaneli ezimbini ezi-orthogonal. Zingaxhasa ukwahluka kwe-polarisation, ulungelelwaniso lovavanyo oluguquguqukayo okanye amalungiselelo okudlulisa kunye nokwamkela ahlukeneyo xa inkqubo epheleleyo yenzelwe loo njongo. Ukwahlulwa okufunekayo kufuneka kuqinisekiswe kuyo yonke ibhendi.

I-frequency iyichaphazela njani indlela yokukhetha i-antenna yomkhosi?

Ukuphindaphinda kuchaphazela ubukhulu be-antenna, ukusasazeka, i-bandwidth ekhoyo, i-feed interfaces kunye nokunyamezela kokufakwa. Kwii-frequency ze-millimeter-wave, iimpazamo ezincinci zokulungelelanisa, ukuguguleka kwesixhumi kunye neempawu ze-radome zinokuba nefuthe elikhulu lombane, ngoko ke ukuchaneka koomatshini kunye nokuseta umlinganiselo kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ngaba i-RF MISO ingavavanya imfuneko ye-antenna eyenziwe ngokwezifiso?

Iireyithi zefrikhwensi ezenziwe ngokwezifiso, i-polarization, ii-interfaces kunye noqwalaselo lwe-mechanical zinokuvavanywa ngokweemfuno zeprojekthi.info@rf-miso.comkunye nenkcazo epheleleyo yombane, yoomatshini kunye neyokusingqongileyo.

Isiphelo

Ukukhethwa kwee-antenna zomkhosi ngumsebenzi wobunjineli benkqubo. Unxibelelwano, i-radar, i-satellite, ukubeka esweni kunye nezicelo zemfazwe ze-elektroniki kubeka iimfuno ezahlukeneyo kwi-bandwidth, i-gain, i-beamwidth, i-polarization kunye nokuhlanganiswa kweqonga. Ukuchaza ezo mfuno kuqala, emva koko ukuqinisekisa i-antenna ekufakweni kwayo kokugqibela, kuvelisa inkqubo ye-RF ethembekileyo ngakumbi kwaye kunciphisa iingxaki zokudibanisa ezinokuphepheka.