Yintoni i-PESA Radar? Indlela Esebenza Ngayo kunye Nezinto Ekufuneka Zijongwe Ziinjineli

I-array eskenwe ngombane engashukumiyo, okanye i-PESA radar, idla ngokusebenzisa uyilo lwe-RF transmit/receive oluphakathi ukuze londle izinto ezininzi ze-antenna ngenethiwekhi yokusasaza. Utshintsho lwesigaba olulawulwa ngombane lubeka isigaba esihambelanayo kwizinto, ngoko ke imitha edibeneyo yenza umqadi kwicala eliyalelweyo. I-aperture epheleleyo ayidingi kujikeleziswa ngoomatshini kuyo yonke inguqu yokukhomba.

Impendulo ekhawulezileyo:I-PESA ibonelela ngolawulo lwe-elektroniki olusebenzisa uyilo lwe-RF oluphakathi. Ukusebenza kwayo kuxhomekeke kokungaphezulu kwesifinyezo. Iinjineli kufuneka ziqinisekise i-gain over scan angle, i-feed-network loss, i-operating bandwidth, i-sidelobes, i-polarization, i-calibration, i-duty cycle, i-thermal limit kunye ne-measure plane ngaphambi kokuba zigqibe ekubeni uyilo luyahlangabezana na nesicelo.

Oku kubalulekile kuba iinkcukacha ezilinganiswe kuphela kwi-boresight zinokufihla iimeko ezilawula ukusebenza kwentsimi. Ukunyuka okuphezulu kwencopho akubonisi indlela i-beam etshintsha ngayo kufutshane nomda wecandelo lokuskena. Uluhlu olubanzi lokusebenza alubonisi ukuba ukukhomba i-beam kuhlala kuzinzile kulo lonke ibhendi. La macandelo alandelayo achaza indlela esebenza ngayo i-PESA kunye nemibuzo enciphisa umngcipheko wokudibanisa.

Isebenza njani i-PESA Radar

Uyilo lwePESA lunokusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kodwa indlela yesignali idla ngokuba nezigaba ezintlanu ezisebenzayo. Ezinye iinkqubo zisebenzisa ii-subarrays okanye iitshaneli ezingafunekiyo, ngoko ke umzobo webhloko kufuneka uhlale ujongwa ngokuchasene noyilo lokwenyani.

1. Ukuveliswa kwe-waveform kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-RF. I-exciter idala i-waveform efunekayo kwaye iyiguqulele kwi-frequency yokusebenza. Emva koko i-transmitter iphakamisa isignali ukuya kwinqanaba lamandla afunekayo.
2. Ukusasazwa kwamandla. Inethiwekhi yokutya yahlula isignali edluliselweyo phakathi kweendlela ezininzi. Inethiwekhi ingasebenzisa i-waveguide, imigca yokudlulisela, izahluli zamandla, ii-couplers kunye nezinye izinto ze-microwave.
3. Ulawulo lwesigaba. I-phase shifter kwindlela nganye ye-element, okanye kwindlela nganye ye-subarray, itshintsha isigaba sesignali ngokwendlela eyalelweyo yomqadi. Ukuqhubela phambili kwesigaba kwi-aperture kumisela apho kwenzeka khona ukuphazamiseka okwakhayo.
4. Ukukhanya kunye nokwakheka kwemitha. Izinto ze-antenna ziyakhazimla kunye. Amasimi azo ayongeza ngamandla kwicala elikhethiweyo kwaye arhoxise kancinci kwezinye iindlela, nto leyo eyenza umqadi oyintloko kunye nee-sidelobes.
5. Ukusebenza kunye nokulinganiswa. Imiqondiso ebonakalisiweyo ibuyela kwinethiwekhi yokuvula kunye neyokuphakelayo kwikhonkco lokwamkela. Idatha yokulinganisa ilungisa umahluko wesigaba kunye nobukhulu obubangelwa kukunyamezelana kwamacandelo, ubushushu, ukuphindaphinda kunye nokuguga.

Ulawulo lwe-elektroniki lunokuhambisa umqadi ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kunokutshintsha i-aperture enkulu ngokwasemzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, izinga eliluncedo lokuskena lixhomekeke kwixesha le-waveform, i-latency yokulawula, ukucutshungulwa kwesignali kunye neshedyuli yezixhobo ze-radar. Isantya solawulo lwe-antenna sodwa asichazi ukuba zingaphi iithagethi okanye imisebenzi i-radar epheleleyo enokuyixhasa.

Kutheni ibizwa ngokuba yi-Passive Electronically Scanned Array

Igama elithi passive lichaza uyilo lweRF kwindawo evulekileyo. Kwi-PESA yesiqhelo, izinto ze-antenna aziqulathi imodyuli epheleleyo yokudlulisa nokwamkela esebenzayo. Itshaneli ye-RF ephakathi inika kwaye ifumana amandla ngenethiwekhi yokutya, ngelixa izinto zokulawula isigaba zenza umqadi. Uluhlu lusafuna amandla ombane okulawula, ukutshintsha, ukupholisa kunye neminye imisebenzi.

I-radar ye-PESA nayo yahlukile kwi-radar engasebenziyo. I-radar engasebenziyo idla ngokubona ukukhanya okuvela kwii-transmitters zangaphandle okanye ezinye izibane zamathuba. I-PESA luyilo lwe-antenna kunye ne-RF-distribution olunokusetyenziswa kwi-radar ehambisa ngokusebenzayo. Ukudideka kwezi ntsingiselo zimbini kukhokelela kwiimfuno zenkqubo ezingachanekanga.

Zeziphi iiParamitha ezimisela ukusebenza kwePESA

Eyona nkcazelo iluncedo kakhulu yi-matrix yokusebenza ngokuphindaphindiweyo, i-engile yokuskena, i-polarization kunye nemeko yokusebenza. Itheyibhile engezantsi idwelisa izinto ekufuneka zichazwe ngaphambi kokuthelekisa ii-arrays okanye ukucela ikowuteshini.

Kutheni iNtsebenzo itshintsha nge-Scan Angle

I-phased array idla ngokuba yomelele ngakumbi kufutshane ne-boresight, indlela eqhelekileyo eya kwi-aperture. Njengoko umqadi uqondiswa kude, i-aperture eqikelelweyo iba ncinci kwicala le-scan. Ipateni ye-element inokubonelela nge-radiation encinci kwi-engile emiselweyo. Iimpazamo ze-feed, i-coupling mutual, i-structural tolerances kunye ne-radome zingongeza ukuphazamiseka okungakumbi.

Isiphumo singabandakanya ukulahleka kweskena, ububanzi be-beamwidth, ii-sidelobes ezitshintshiweyo, i-cross-polarization ephezulu okanye i-pointing error. Olu tshintsho alubanjwa ngexabiso elinye le-boresight gain. Kwi-array eyenzelwe ukuskena kwi-engile ethile, cela idatha ye-gain kunye nephethini kwi-boresight, i-engile enye okanye ezingaphezulu eziphakathi, kunye nomda wecandelo elifunekayo. Phinda itshekhi kwi-frequency yokusebenza ephantsi, embindini nakwi-frequency ephezulu.

Isithuba sezinto sifanelwe yingqwalasela ekhethekileyo. Ukuba isithuba sikhulu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa ne-wavelength kunye ne-scan angle, ii-grating lobes ezingafunekiyo zinokungena kwindawo ebonakalayo. Uyilo olwamkelekileyo kwisiphelo esisezantsi sebhendi lunokuziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo kwi-frequency ephezulu, apho isithuba esifanayo somzimba simele ii-wavelengths ezingaphezulu.

I-Bandwidth kunye ne-Beam Squint ziyichaphazela njani i-PESA

Iinkqubo ezininzi zePESA zisebenzisa ii-phase shifters ukwenza i-phase progression echanekileyo kwi-frequency ekhethiweyo. Xa i-frequency itshintsha, i-phase setting efanayo inokukhomba i-beam kwi-engile eyahlukileyo. Olu tshintsho lokukhomba oluxhomekeke kwi-frequency ludla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-beam squint. Ubungakanani besiphumo buxhomekeke kwi-bandwidth, i-scan angle, uyilo kunye nohlobo lwenethiwekhi yokulawula i-phase.

Imfuneko ye-wideband ke ngoko ifuna okungaphezulu kunengxelo yobubanzi be-frequency. Cela ukukhomba kwe-beam, i-gain, i-sidelobes kunye ne-polarization ngaphezu kwe-frequency kunye ne-scan angle. Ezinye iidizayini zisebenzisa izinto ze-true-time-delay, iindlela ze-subarray okanye izilungiso ezixhomekeke kwi-frequency ukunciphisa i-beam squint, kodwa ezo zikhetho zongeza iimfuno zazo zokulahleka, ubunzima, ubungakanani kunye nokulinganisa.

Ingxaki yokulahlekelwa yiNethiwekhi yeFeed

Kwi-PESA eqhelekileyo esebenzisa i-aperture ekwabelwana ngayo, inethiwekhi yokutya ithatha inxaxheba kuzo zombini iindlela zokudlulisa kunye nezokwamkela. Abahluli bamandla, imigca yokudlulisela, ii-waveguides, ii-phase shifters, ii-switches kunye neenguqu zonke zinegalelo ekulahlekelweni kokufakwa. Xa kudluliselwa, ezi lahleko zinciphisa amandla aziswa kwi-aperture kwaye zivelise ubushushu. Xa kufunyanwa, ilahleko ephambi kwe-receiver inokunciphisa uvakalelo kunye nobubanzi obusebenzayo be-dynamic.

Amaxabiso okulahleka kufuneka abotshelelwe kwiplane yesalathiso ecacileyo. Ukwanda kwe-antenna ecatshulweyo kunokukhupha intambo, i-rotary joint, i-waveguide transition, inethiwekhi yokulawula i-phase okanye i-radome ekhoyo kwinkqubo efakiweyo. Ngexesha lokwamkelwa, thelekisa idatha elinganisiweyo kunye noqwalaselo olufanayo kunye neplane yesalathiso esetyenzisiweyo kwinkcazo.

Ngaba i-PESA ithetha i-frequency enye okanye i-target enye

Imibuzo Esibhozo Omele Uyibuze Ngaphambi Kokuba Udibanise I-PESA Array

1. Ngawaphi amaza okusebenza kunye neebhendi ezikhawulezileyo ekufuneka zixhaswe, kwaye zeziphi ixabiso eliyimfuneko kwicandelo lonke lokuskena?
2. Yeyiphi i-azimuth kunye nokuphakama okufunekayo, kwaye ngaba i-aperture epheleleyo ilungisiwe ngoomatshini, iyajikeleza okanye ibekwe ngenye indlela?
3. Yeyiphi imida ye-gain, EIRP, beamwidth, sidelobe kunye ne-cross-polarization esebenza kwi-boresight nakwi-engile ephezulu yokuskena?
4. Ngawaphi amandla aphezulu, amandla aphakathi, ububanzi be-pulse kunye nomjikelo womsebenzi ekufuneka uphathwe yinethiwekhi yokuphakelwa kunye ne-aperture?
5. Ziphi iiplani zesalathiso se-transmit-power kunye ne-receive-sensitivity, kwaye zeziphi iintambo, i-waveguide, i-phase-shifter kunye ne-radome ezifakiweyo?
6. I-array iya kulinganiswa njani kwi-frequency, i-temperature kunye ne-scan angle, kwaye i-drift iya kubonwa njani emva kokufakwa?
7. Zeziphi izixhumi, isikhokelo se-waveguide, ukufakwa, i-radome, ubungakanani, ubunzima kunye nemida yokusingqongileyo esebenzayo kulungiselelo olufakiweyo?
8. Zeziphi izilinganiso eziya kubonakalisa ukwamkelwa, kwaye ngaba ukuseta uvavanyo kuya kuphinda kuvelise imeko ye-operational polarization, frequency, power kunye ne-scan?

I-PESA kunye ne-AESA zibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zoyilo lwezakhiwo

I-PESA kunye ne-active electronic scanned array radar zombini zisebenzisa ubudlelwane besigaba esilawulwayo ukuze ziqhube imisebe. Umahluko wazo ophambili kulapho ukwenziwa kwe-RF esebenzayo kunye nokwamkelwa kwenzeka khona. I-PESA ngokubanzi ihambisa uyilo lwe-transmitter kunye ne-receiver oluphakathi ngenethiwekhi yokutya kunye nee-phase shifters. I-AESA isasaza iimodyuli ezininzi ezisebenzayo zokudlulisa kunye nokwamkela kwi-aperture okanye kwi-subarrays yayo. Ukuphunyezwa kwe-beamforming—i-analog, i-hybrid okanye idijithali—luyimilinganiselo eyahlukileyo yoyilo kwaye akufuneki iphathwe njengento efanayo nomahluko we-PESA/AESA.

I-AESA inokubonelela ngokuphindaphindeka okukhulu, ukuguquguquka kwesimo samaza kunye nokucwangciswa kwemisebenzi emininzi ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ikwadala neemfuno ezifunekayo zokusasazwa kwamandla, ukupholisa, ukulinganisa kunye nolawulo lweemodyuli. I-PESA inokuhlala iluncedo xa uyilo lwe-RF oluphakathi luhlangabezana neemfuno zomsebenzi kunye nokudibanisa. Ukuze ufumane uthelekiso oluneenkcukacha lwezakhiwo, funda i-RF MISO'sUthelekiso lweradar ye-AESA vs PESAUkhetho oluchanekileyo kufuneka lusekelwe kwiimfuno ezilinganisekayo endaweni yokucinga ukuba isifinyezo esinye sihlala singcono.

Ifanele ilinganiswe kwaye yamkelwe njani i-PESA Array

Uvavanyo lokwamkelwa kufuneka luphinde luvelise iimeko ezisetyenzisiweyo kwiinkcazo zokusebenza. Ubuncinane, bhala phantsi amanqaku eefrikhwensi, i-polarization, imiyalelo yeskena, inqanaba lamandla, umjikelo womsebenzi, imeko yokulinganisa, imeko ye-radome kunye ne-RF reference plane. Linganisa okanye uqinisekise i-gain, i-beamwidth, ukuchaneka kokukhomba, ii-sidelobes kunye ne-cross-polarization kwii-engile zeskena ezimeleyo.

Uluhlu olufunekayo kunye nokuseta kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bomngxuma, imvamisa kunye nenjongo yokulinganisa. Iindlela ze-far-field, i-compact-range okanye i-near-field zingaba zifanelekile. IiRF MISO'subuchule bokuvavanya i-antennaChaza izixhobo zokulinganisa ezifanelekileyo, kodwa indlela yokugqibela kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olungaqinisekiyo kufuneka kuvunyelwane ngalo ngaphambi kokuba uvavanyo lokwamkelwa luqale.

Inkxaso ye-RF MISO yoVavanyo lwe-Array Antenna

I-RF MISO ngumenzi we-antenna ye-RF kunye ne-microwave exhasa uphando lwe-antenna, umlinganiselo kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwenkqubo. I-RF MISO ayibonisi i-radar epheleleyo ye-PESA njengemveliso ye-antenna eqhelekileyo. Iingxoxo zobunjineli ezifanelekileyo ziqala nge-aperture ye-antenna, i-feed kunye neemfuno ze-interface ezinokuqinisekiswa ngokuchasene nebhendi ye-frequency echaziweyo, i-polarization, i-gain, i-beamwidth kunye ne-mechanical envelope.

Iinjineli zinokuphonononga i-RF MISOiimveliso ze-antenna zoluhlukwayeii-antenna ezicwangcisiweyonjengeendawo zokuqala zeengxoxo zecandelo kunye nokuvulwa. Iimveliso ezisemgangathweni ezikhoyo aziyiyo ngokuzenzekelayo iradar yePESA, kwaye ukufaneleka kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ngokuchasene noyilo olupheleleyo lwenkqubo.

Kwingxoxo yokuqala yobuchwephesha, nika ibhendi yokusebenza, i-bandwidth ekhawulezileyo, i-polarization, i-required gain, i-scan sector, i-sidelobe target, i-peak kunye ne-avareji yamandla, i-RF interface, ubungakanani be-aperture, imida yokufakela, iimeko zokusingqongileyo kunye nolindelo lovavanyo lokwamkelwa. Olu lwazi luvumela iqela lobunjineli ukuba lichonge ukuba zeziphi ii-antenna kunye neendlela zovavanyo ezifuna uvavanyo olongezelelweyo.

Send the project requirements to info@rf-miso.com or nxibelelana ne-RF MISOngewebhusayithi.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Imele ntoni i-PESA

I-PESA imele i-passive electronically scanned array. Ngokwesiqhelo isebenzisa uyilo lwe-RF transmit/receive oluphakathi, inethiwekhi yokutya kunye notshintsho lwesigaba olulawulwayo ukuhambisa umqadi kwi-antenna aperture.

Kutheni i-PESA ibizwa ngokuba yi-passive xa idlulisela amandla

I-Passive ichaza ukungabikho kwemodyuli epheleleyo yokudlulisa nokwamkela kuyo yonke into ye-antenna. I-radar isasebenzisa i-RF enamandla, ulawulo, ukulinganisa kunye nezixhobo zokupholisa.

Ngaba iradar yePESA ingalandela iithagethi ezininzi?

Ingakwazi, ngokuxhomekeke kucwangciso lwemitha, ukuphinda ijonge ixesha, uyilo lwe-waveform, iziteshi zokwamkela kunye nokucutshungulwa. Ileyibhile ye-PESA yodwa ayichazi umthamo wethagethi.

Ngaba i-PESA iyafana ne-antenna ye-array ephased

I-PESA yi-phased-array RF architecture enye, ngelixa i-phased array yingcamango ebanzi ye-antenna. I-AESA lolunye uyilo lwe-RF. I-analog, i-hybrid kunye ne-digital beamforming zichaza indlela i-beamforming ephunyezwa ngayo kwaye zenza umda wohlulo owahlukileyo endaweni ye-PESA okanye i-AESA.

Yeyiphi idatha ekufuneka ihlolwe kwi-engile ephezulu yokuskena

Jonga ilahleko ye-gain okanye yeskena, ububanzi be-beamm, ukuchaneka kokukhomba, ii-sidelobes, i-cross-polarization kunye nokuziphatha kwe-impedance kwiifrequencies ezifunekayo kunye noqwalaselo olufakiweyo.

I-PESA ingaba lukhetho olusebenzayo nini?

I-PESA inokuba luncedo xa kufuneka ulawulo lwe-elektroniki kwaye ikhonkco le-RF eliphakathi linokufikelela kwiimfuno ze-bandwidth, i-scan, amandla, ukuthembeka, ubushushu kunye nokugcinwa. Isigqibo kufuneka silandele imilinganiselo yenkqubo kunye nemida yomjikelo wobomi.