Umfanekiso 1. Iindawo ze-Main-beam kunye ne-sidelobe ezisetyenziselwa ukuchaza ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-antenna beam.
Yintoni Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-Antenna Beam?
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwemisebe ye-antenna, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-main-beam efficiency, liqhezu lamandla e-antenna apheleleyo akhutshwayo awela ngaphakathi kwendawo echaziweyo ye-main-beam. Iphendula umbuzo woyilo olusebenzayo: ingakanani imitha ekhoyo egxile kwicandelo le-angular elicetywayo endaweni yokuba isasazwe kwii-sidelobes nakwi-back lobe?
Kwi-antenna efumanayo, ukuphindaphinda kuvumela ingcamango efanayo ukuba ibonwe njengeqhezu lamandla afunyenweyo aqokelelwe nge-main beam xa intsimi ejikelezileyo kunye neemeko ze-polarization zichazwa ngokulinganayo. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-beam kuluncedo ngakumbi kwi-radar, i-radiometry, ii-satellite links, iinkqubo ze-microwave ze-point-to-point kunye nokulinganisa i-antenna, apho amandla afikayo okanye aphumayo ukuya kwiindlela ezingafunekiyo anokunciphisa ukuchaneka okanye andise ukuphazamiseka.
KuMfanekiso 1, i-lobe ephambili iphakathi kwi-z-axis. Ukuba i-engile yekhowuni yi-θ1iphawula i-null yokuqala okanye omnye umda we-main-beam ochazwe ngokucacileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-beam kubalwa ngokuhlanganisa ipateni yamandla ngaphakathi kwekhowuni kwaye yahlulwe ngamandla adibeneyo phezu kwepateni epheleleyo yemitha.
Ifomula yoKusebenza kakuhle kwe-Antenna Beam
Ukusebenzisa ipateni yamandla eqhelekileyo Pn(θ,φ), indlela esebenza ngayo imisebe ngokubanzi iboniswe ngezantsi:
I-numerator imele amandla aqulethwe ngaphakathi kwe-engile eqinileyo ye-main-beam ekhethiweyo, ΩMB. I-denominator imele amandla e-radiated apheleleyo adityaniswe ngaphezulu kwe-4π steradians. Ixabiso eliphumayo, ηB, ayinamlinganiselo kwaye idla ngokuxelwa njengepesenti.
- Pn(θ,φ)yipatheni yamandla eqhelekileyo. Ukuba kusetyenziswa idatha yentsimi yombane elinganisiweyo, igama lamandla elihambelanayo lilingana ne-|E|2.
- ΩMByindawo echaziweyo ye-main-beam, edla ngokukhawulelwa zii-nulls zokuqala okanye yi-engile yekhowuni echaziweyo.
- θ kunye ne-φzii-elevation kunye ne-azimuth coordinates ezisetyenziselwa ukuchaza ipateni epheleleyo yemitha.
Umda we-main-beam kufuneka uchazwe rhoqo kunye nesiphumo. Iilabhoratri ezimbini zinokufumana amaxabiso ahlukeneyo eenombolo kwipateni efanayo ukuba enye idibanisa kwi-null yokuqala ngelixa enye isebenzisa ikhowuni ye-angular esisigxina. Kwi-beam yepensile ejikelezayo elinganayo, ukuhlanganiswa kungenziwa lula njengoko kubonisiwe kwintetho elandelayo.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-Antenna Beam Kulinganiswa Njani?
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwemitha kufunyanwa kwidatha yepateni yemitha endaweni yokufunda okukodwa kwe-boresight. Ububanzi be-far-field obulinganisiweyo, uluhlu lovavanyo lwe-antenna oluncinci, okanye inkqubo ye-near-field enotshintsho oluqinisekisiweyo lwe-far-field. Kwii-phased arrays, umlinganiselo kufuneka uphindwe kwimeko nganye ye-beam efunekayo, i-frequency kunye ne-polarization kuba ukuskena kunye neempazamo ze-amplitude okanye ze-phase zinokusasaza kwakhona amandla kwii-sidelobes.
- Linganisa ipateni yemithaugqunywe ngokwaneleyo nge-engile ukuze kuqukwe umqadi oyintloko, ii-sidelobes kunye ne-back lobe.
- Guqula intsimi elinganisiweyo ibe yipatheni yamandlakwaye usebenzise uhlengahlengiso olufanayo kwisampuli nganye ye-angular.
- Chaza umda we-main-beam, njenge-contour ye-first-null okanye i-engile yekhowuni echaziweyo.
- Hlanganisa amandla ngaphakathi kuloo mdakwaye uyahlule ngamandla adityanisiweyo phezu kwepateni epheleleyo.
- Xela iimeko zovavanyo, kuquka i-frequency, i-polarization, i-beam state, i-angular resolution kunye nenkcazo yomda.
Isibini se-E-plane kunye ne-H-plane cuts zinokubonisa i-beadwidth kunye ne-sidelobe behavior, kodwa ayisoloko ibonelela ngexabiso elipheleleyo le-three-dimensional beam-efficiency ngaphandle kokuba i-rotational symmetry ifanelekile. Idatha yephethini epheleleyo okanye epheleleyo ngokwaneleyo inika isiphumo esikhuselekayo ngakumbi. Funda ngakumbi malunga ne-RF MISO'subuchule bokuvavanya i-antenna.
Imigaqo Yokusebenza Komqadi Xa Ithelekiswa Neminye Imigaqo Yokusebenza Komqadi We-Antenna
Ukusebenza kakuhle kweMisebe vs. Ukusebenza kakuhle kweMisebe
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwemisebeithelekisa amandla akhutshwayo namandla amkelwe yi-antenna kwaye ngoko ke ibonisa ukulahleka komqhubi kunye ne-dielectric.Ukusebenza kakuhle kwemiqadiichaza apho amandla akhutshwayo aya khona. I-antenna inokuba nokulahleka okuphantsi kwangaphakathi kodwa isenokusebenza kakuhle komsebe ukuba amandla amakhulu avela kwi-sidelobes okanye kwi-back lobe.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kweBeam vs. Ulwalathiso kunye nokuzuza
UlwalathisoIchaza uxinaniso oluphezulu lwepateni yemitha xa ithelekiswa neradiator ye-isotropic. I-Gain idibanisa i-directivity kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemitha, ngelixa i-realized gain ikwabangela ukungalingani kwe-impedance. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-beam kwahlukile kuba idibanisa amandla kummandla we-angular endaweni yokuvavanya kuphela icala eliphambili.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kweBeam vs. Beamwidth
Ububanzi be-beamwidth yamandla aphakathi bububanzi be-angle phakathi kwama-points e--3 dB e-main lobe. Umqadi omxinwa uhlala uhamba ne-directivity ephezulu, kodwa awubonisi ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-beamwidth ngokwayo. Ipateni inokuba nencochoyi encinci kwaye isathumela amandla abalulekileyo kwii-sidelobes. Inqanaba le-beamwidth kunye ne-sidelobe kufuneka liphononongwe kunye nexabiso elidibeneyo lokusebenza kakuhle kwe-beamwidth.
Yintoni elawula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-Antenna Beam?
1. Amanqanaba eSidelobe kunye neBack-Lobe
Amandla angaphandle kommandla okhethiweyo we-main-beam anciphisa ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-beam. Ii-sidelobes eziphezulu zinokubangelwa kukungaqhubeki kwe-aperture, isithuba se-array, iimpazamo ze-amplitude okanye iprofayili yokukhanyisa engakhange ilungiselelwe ipateni efunekayo. Ukukhanya okungasemva kunye nokusasazeka okuvela kwizakhiwo ezikufutshane kunokuba nesiphumo esifanayo.
2. Ukukhanya kwe-Aperture kunye ne-Amplitude Taper
Ii-antenna ze-Aperture kunye nee-arrays zisebenzisa usasazo lwe-amplitude kulo lonke i-aperture ekhupha imitha. Usasazo oluphantse lufane lunokuvelisa umqadi oyintloko omxinwa kunye ne-directivity ephezulu, kodwa lunokuvelisa ii-sidelobes eziphezulu. Ukusebenzisa i-amplitude taper kunokucinezela ii-sidelobes kwaye kubeke amandla amaninzi eepateni kwindawo oyifunayo, nangona i-taper egqithisileyo inokwandisa umqadi oyintloko kwaye inciphise ukuvela okuphezulu okanye ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-aperture. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo ke ngoko kukuthengiselana okucwangcisiweyo kwesicelo.
3. Ukuchitheka kwesondlo kunye nokuvaleka kwesakhiwo
Kwi-antenna yokubonakalisa, amandla angayiboniyo i-reflector ayachitheka kwaye awancedi kwi-main beam efunekayo. Ii-feed supports, i-subreflector okanye i-hardware ekufutshane nazo zinokuvimba okanye zisasaze inxalenye yentsimi yokuvula. Ukukhetha ngokuchanekileyo i-feed, indawo egxile kuyo kunye nokulungelelaniswa koomatshini kunceda ukulawula ezi lahleko kunye nee-lobes ezingafunekiyo.
4. Iimpazamo zeSigaba, Ubukhulu kunye noBuphezulu
Ukungalingani kwezigaba phakathi kwezinto ezilandelelanayo, ukulahleka kokutya okungalinganiyo, ukunyamezelana kokwenziwa, impazamo yomphezulu we-reflector kunye nokuphazamiseka kwe-radome kunokususa amandla kude nomqadi ocetywayo. Ezi ziphumo zihlala zibaluleke ngakumbi njengoko i-frequency isanda kuba impazamo enomlinganiselo omiselweyo imele iqhezu elikhulu lobude be-wavelength.
5. Ucoceko lwePolarization
Ezinye iinkcazo zokusebenza kakuhle kwemisebe ziquka amandla kuphela kwi-polarization efunekayo. I-radiation enqamlezileyo ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle komqadi oyintloko inokunciphisa ixabiso elichaziweyo. I-polarization kufuneka ichazwe ngokuhambelanayo kwiimfuno zokulinganisa, zokulinganisa kunye nenkqubo.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kweBeam, iBeamwidth kunye neBandwidth zahlukile
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwemiqadiyi-angular power ratio edibeneyo.Ububanzi bemithaichaza ububanzi be-angular ye-lobe ephambili kwinqanaba elichaziweyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ii-half-power okanye ii--3 dB points.Ibhendi ye-antennaichaza uluhlu lweefrikhwensi apho iimfuno ezikhethiweyo ziyaneliswa khona. Ezi parameters zichaphazela enye kwenye, kodwa azitshintshiseki.
Uyilo lunokugcina i-VSWR eyamkelekileyo kuluhlu olubanzi lweefrikhwensi ngelixa ulwalathiso lwayo lwe-beam, inqanaba le-sidelobe okanye ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-beam kutshintsha kakhulu kufutshane nemiphetho yebhendi. Ukusebenza kwepateni ke ngoko kufuneka kuqinisekiswe kwiifrikhwensi ezininzi kunokuba kuqikelelwe kwi-impedance bandwidth yodwa. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo eneenkcukacha ngeenkcazo zefrikhwensi, jongaI-bandwidth ye-antenna.
Ingaphuculwa njani indlela esebenza ngayo imisebe?
- Khetha i-aperture taper elungelelanisa ukucinezelwa kwecala, ububanzi bomqadi oyintloko kunye nokwanda.
- Lungiselela indawo yokuphakelwa kwe-reflector, ukukhanya komphetho kunye nokuchitheka.
- Sebenzisa isithuba esifanelekileyo sezinto kunye nolawulo oluchanekileyo lwe-amplitude okanye lwe-phase kwi-arrays ukuze uphephe ukuqhekeka kwe-grating lobes.
- Nciphisa ukuvaleka, ukusasazeka kweentambo kunye nokusebenzisana okungafunekiyo nesakhiwo sokufakela okanye i-radome.
- Ukunyamezelana koomatshini bokulawula, ukuchaneka komphezulu kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwisantya esiphezulu sokusebenza.
- Qinisekisa iipateni ze-co-polar kunye ne-cross-polar kuyo yonke ibhendi yokusebenza kunye nayo yonke imeko ye-beam efunekayo.
Kuphi apho ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-High Beam kubaluleke kakhulu khona?
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwemitha ephezulu kubaluleke kakhulu xa amandla okanye amandla afunyenweyo kufuneka agcinwe kwicala elichazwe kakuhle. Imizekelo eqhelekileyo ibandakanya i-radar yokulandelela ithagethi kunye nemifanekiso, amakhonkco onxibelelwano lwesathelayithi, i-radio astronomy kunye ne-radiometry, amakhonkco e-microwave e-point-to-point, iinkqubo zokuphefumla ezibonisa ukukhanya, ii-antenna zokulinganisa kunye nee-arrays ezilawulwa nge-elektroniki.
Akukho pesenti yokusebenza kakuhle kwemisebe echanekileyo kwi-antenna nganye. Imfuneko eluncedo kufuneka ichaze i-frequency yokusebenza, i-polarization, imeko yemisebe kunye nomda we-angular, kunye nokuziphatha okwamkelekileyo kwe-sidelobe kunye ne-back-lobe. Oku kwenza idatha yomthengisi, ukulinganisa kunye neziphumo ezilinganisiweyo zithelekiswe ngokuthe ngqo.
Yintoni Abathengi Abafanele Bayijonge Kwiphepha Ledatha Le-Antenna?
Xa ulawulo lwemitha lubalulekile, musa ukuvavanya i-antenna ukusuka ekunyukeni kwe-peak kuphela. Buza umenzi ukuba zeziphi iinkcukacha zepateni kunye neemeko zovavanyo ezikhoyo zemodeli echanekileyo kunye noluhlu lwamaza.
- Uluhlu lweefrikhwensi zokusebenza kunye neefrikhwensi ezisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa iipateni
- I-Gain, i-half-power beamwidth kunye nenqanaba lokuqala le-sidelobe xa kuthelekiswa ne-frequency
- Iipateni zemitha ye-co-polar kunye ne-cross-polar kwiiplanes ezifunekayo okanye ngeskena esijikelezayo
- Umda we-angular kunye ne-polarization esetyenziselwa ukubala ukusebenza kakuhle kwemitha, xa elo xabiso lichaziwe
- I-VSWR, isinxibelelanisi okanye ujongano lwe-waveguide, ukuphathwa kwamandla kunye neemfuno zokusingqongileyo
- Ukunyamezelana koomatshini, ulungiselelo lokufakelwa kunye naluphi na ulungiselelo lwe-radome okanye i-reflector-feed
Izisombululo ze-RF MISO Microwave Antenna
I-RF MISO ibonelela ngee-antenna ze-microwave kunye ne-millimeter-wave zokulinganisa, i-radar, unxibelelwano kunye nokudibanisa inkqubo. Iintsapho zemveliso ezifanelekileyo ziqukaii-eriyali ze-gain horn eziqhelekileyo, ii-antenna zokubonakalisakwayeii-antennas ezidibeneyoIinkcukacha ezithile zemodeli kunye nedatha yovavanyo ekhoyo kufuneka ihlolwe ngokuchasene nemvamisa efunekayo, i-polarization, i-gain kunye nokusebenza kwepateni.
Ukukhetha i-antenna okanye imfuneko eyenzelwe wena,qhagamshelana ne-RF MISO at info@rf-miso.com.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Julayi-12-2024
