I-antenna ye-isotropic ngumthombo ofanelekileyo wesalathiso okhupha amandla e-electromagnetic ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke iindlela. Iinjineli ziyisebenzisa ukuthelekisa inzuzo ye-antenna, i-directivity kunye namandla e-radiated, nangona i-antenna ye-isotropic egqibeleleyo ingenakwakhiwa ngokusebenzayo.
Esi sikhokelo sichaza intsingiselo yemitha ye-isotropic, imilo yepateni yemitha ye-isotropic, isizathu sokuba i-reference gain yi-0 dBi, kunye nendlela i-reference efanayo esetyenziswa ngayo kubalo lwe-EIRP.
Yintoni i-Antenna ye-Isotropic?
I-antenna ye-isotropic, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-radiator ye-isotropic, ngumthombo wenqaku lethiyori onomlinganiselo ofanayo wemitha kuyo yonke i-azimuth kunye ne-elevation angle. Ayinalo icala elikhethwayo kwaye ke ngoko inika isiseko esingathathi cala sokuchaza indlela yokuziphatha kwe-antenna yokwenyani.
- Yireferensi efanelekileyo yezibalo, ayisiyo i-antenna ebonakalayo enokufezekiswa.
- Ubungakanani bayo bokukhanya buhlala buhleli phezu kwe-engile epheleleyo eqinileyo ejikeleze umthombo.
- Isikhokelo sayo yi-1, eyi-0 dBi.
- Ukwanda kwe-antenna okusebenzayo okuchazwe kwi-dBi kulinganiswa ngokumalunga nale referensi.
Injani Ipatheni yeMisebe ye-Isotropic?
Ipateni yemitha ye-isotropic efanelekileyo enemilinganiselo emithathu yingqukuva ephakathi komthombo. Inqaku ngalinye kuloo ngqukuva limele amandla afanayo emitha kumgama ofanayo. Nasiphi na indiza enemilinganiselo emibini edlula embindini ivelisa ipateni ejikelezayo.
Le pateni ingqukuva yenza i-radiator ye-isotropic ibe luncedo kwithiyori ye-antenna: ibonelela ngenqanaba eliphakathi lemitha apho kunokuthelekiswa khona ulwalathiso lwe-antenna yokwenyani. I-antenna esebenzayo isoloko inesakhiwo esibonakalayo, ulungiselelo lokutya kunye nendawo engqongileyo engenisa utshintsho olubhekiselele kwicala, ngoko ke ipatheni yayo elinganisiweyo inokuba nee-lobes eziphambili, ii-lobes ezisecaleni kunye nee-nulls.
Ipateni yesalathiso:Ngobukhulu obuthathu, imitha ye-isotropic ingqukuva. Imitha ye-Omnidirectional iyafana kuphela kwindawo ekhethiweyo.
Umahluko ophambili:ipateni ye-isotropic engqukuva ayifani nepateni efana nedonathi edla ngokunxulunyaniswa ne-dipole kunye nezinye ii-antenna ezijikelezayo.
Umfanekiso okhoyo apha ngasentla ubonisa ipateni eqhelekileyo efana ne-omnidirectional, efana ne-dipole: iphantse ifane kwi-azimuth, imile okwedonathi kwiimilinganiselo ezintathu kunye ne-figure-eight kwi-vertical cut. Iluncedo ekuthelekiseni, kodwa ayisiyo ipateni yespherical ye-isotropic radiator.
I-Antenna ye-Isotropic vs. ye-Omnidirectional
Amagama athi isotropic kunye ne-omnidirectional ngamanye amaxesha asetyenziswa ngokungakhathali, kodwa achaza indlela eyahlukileyo yokuziphatha kwemitha.
- I-antenna ye-Isotropic:Ikhanya ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke iindlela ngeendlela ezintathu. Yindlela yokubhekisela kwingcamango enepateni engqukuva.
- I-antenna ebhekisa kwicala ngalinye:ikhanya ngokulinganayo malunga neplane enye yesalathiso, ngokuqhelekileyo iplane ye-azimuth ethe tye, ngelixa imitha yayo iyahluka ngokwendawo ephakanyisiweyo.
- Ipateni eqhelekileyo ye-omnidirectional:isangqa kwindawo ethe tye kwaye ibe yimifanekiso esibhozo kwindawo ethe nkqo, idala ipateni enemilinganiselo emithathu efana nedonathi.
I-antenna ejikelezayo inokubonelela nge-azimuth coverage ye-360-degree, kodwa ayisiyo-isotropic kuba idla ngokuba nemitha ebuthathaka okanye ii-nulls ecaleni kwe-axis yayo.
Kutheni i-Isotropic Antenna Gain i-0 dBi?
I-radiator ye-isotropic efanelekileyo ine-directivity ye-1 kuba ayigxilisi amandla kuyo nayiphi na indlela. Ichazwa kwisikali se-logarithmic, esi salathisi sisi:
Ilog ye-1010(1) = 0 dBi
Isimamva esithi “i” sithetha ukuba ixabiso libhekiselwe kwi-radiator ye-isotropic. I-antenna yokwenyani elinganiswe kwi-3 dBi ivelisa malunga ne-power density ephindwe kabini kwicala layo eliphezulu xa ithelekiswa ne-isotropic reference xa uthelekiso lusebenzisa amandla afanayo amkelweyo. Akuthethi ukuba i-radiator ye-isotropic ngokwayo ine-3 dBi gain.
Ukuze ufumane iziseko ezinxulumene noko, bonaisikhokelo se-antennakwayeukusebenza kakuhle kwe-antenna kunye nenzuzo.
Indlela i-EIRP esebenzisa ngayo iReferensi ye-Isotropic
Amandla alinganayo e-isotropically radiated power, okanye i-EIRP, abonisa amandla afunekayo yi-radiator ye-isotropic efanelekileyo ukuvelisa ubuninzi bamandla obufanayo nenkqubo yokudlulisa yokwenyani kwicala elithile. Kwiiyunithi ze-logarithmic:
I-EIRP (dBm) = amandla okuhambisa (dBm) + ukuzuza kwe-antenna (dBi) - ilahleko ze-feeder (dB)
Olu budlelwane ludibanisa imveliso yokudlulisela, inzuzo ye-antenna xa kuthelekiswa ne-isotropic kunye nokulahleka okuvela kwiintambo, izihlanganisi okanye ezinye izinto zokutya. I-EIRP ke ngoko bubungakanani benqanaba lenkqubo, hayi amandla ongezelelweyo aveliswa yi-antenna.
I-ERP vs. i-EIRP
I-EIRP isebenzisa i-isotropic radiator njengesalathiso sayo. Amandla e-radiated asebenzayo, okanye i-ERP, isebenzisa i-half-wave dipole njengesalathiso sayo. I-half-wave dipole efanelekileyo inomlinganiselo we-2.15 dBi kwicala layo eliphezulu le-radiation, ngoko ke la manani mabini ahluka nge-2.15 dB.
ERP (dBW) = EIRP (dBW) - 2.15 dB
Umzekelo, inkqubo ene-EIRP engama-30 dBW ine-ERP engama-27.85 dBW. Soloko ujonga ukuba i-antenna okanye umda wolawulo uchazwe kwi-dBi/dBW EIRP okanye kwi-dBd/dBW ERP ngaphambi kokuthelekisa amaxabiso.
Ukuze uqonde indlela ii-antenna zokwenyani ezisasaza ngayo amandla kwii-lobes nakwii-nulls, qhubeka nesikhokelo sethu kuiipateni zemitha ye-antenna.
Izinto Eziluncedo Omele Uzithathe
- I-antenna ye-isotropic yindlela efanelekileyo yokubonisa indawo, ayiloyilo lwe-antenna olusebenzayo.
- Ipateni yayo yemitha enamacala amathathu ingqukuva, kwaye yonke inqumle ephakathi enamacala amabini ingqukuva.
- Isikhokelo sayo kunye nenzuzo yi-1, okanye i-0 dBi.
- I-antenna ejikelezayo iyafana kuphela kwindawo ekhethiweyo kwaye idla ngokuba nephethini enemilinganiselo emithathu efana nedonathi.
- I-EIRP ibhekiselwa kwi-isotropic gain, ngelixa i-ERP ibhekiselwa kwi-half-wave dipole.
I-RF MISO ibonelela ngee-antenna ezibhekisa kwicala nezikhululayo zokulinganisa i-microwave, unxibelelwano kunye nokudibanisa inkqubo.izisombululo ze-antenna ezibhekiselele kuzo zonke iindawo or nxibelelana neqela lethuukuxoxa ngeemfuno zakho zokusebenza rhoqo, inzuzo, i-polarization kunye ne-interface.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-17-2026
