I-antenna ye-horn yi-antenna evulelekileyo esebenzisa i-waveguide evuthayo ukuqalisa amandla e-electromagnetic kwindawo ekhululekileyo okanye ukuqokelela amandla angenayo kwicala elichaziweyo. Ulwakhiwo lwayo olulula, ipateni yemitha eqikelelweyo, isikhokelo esiphezulu, kunye nokukwazi ukusebenza ngaphezulu kwee-bandwidths ze-microwave kunye ne-millimeter-wave ezenza ukuba ibe lukhetho oluqhelekileyo lokulinganisa i-antenna, i-radar, unxibelelwano lwesathelayithi, uvavanyo lwe-EMC, ukutya okubonakalayo, kunye neenkqubo zophando.
Esi sikhokelo sichaza indlela ezisebenza ngayo ii-antenna ze-horn, iintlobo eziphambili ze-antenna ze-horn, iiparameter zokusebenza ezibalulekileyo, izibonelelo kunye nemida yazo, kunye nendlela yokukhetha uyilo olufanelekileyo kwisicelo esithile se-RF.
Yintoni i-Antenna yePondo?
I-antenna yephondo yenziwa ngokwandisa kancinci isiphelo se-waveguide. I-waveguide iphethe imo ye-electromagnetic ekhokelwayo, ngelixa icandelo elivuthayo libonelela ngotshintsho ukusuka kwicandelo elincinci le-waveguide ukuya kwindawo enkulu ekhupha imitha. Kwi-aperture, intsimi ye-electromagnetic idityaniswe kwindawo ekhululekileyo kwaye yenza umqadi wecala.
I-flare inokuba yingxande, ibe yi-pyramidal, ibe yi-conical, ibe yi-ridged, ibe yi-corrugated, okanye idityaniswe ne-lens okanye i-polarization network. I-geometry nganye itshintsha i-bandwidth yokusebenza kwe-antenna, i-gain, i-beamwidth, i-polarization behavior, i-phase distribution, i-sidelobe level, kunye nobukhulu bomatshini.
I-antenna ye-horn ayisebenzi. Ayivelisi amandla e-RF okanye ikhulise isignali. Ukwanda kwayo okubonakalayo kuvela ekugxileni amandla akhutshweyo kwindawo encinci ye-engile xa kuthelekiswa ne-radiator ye-isotropic. Indlela efanayo yokuphatha ikwaphucula ukwamkelwa kwicala elicetywayo.
Isebenza Njani I-Antena Yeempondo?
Ukusebenza kwe-antenna ye-horn kunokuqondwa ngamanqanaba amane:
- Amandla angena ngesondlo.I-waveguide engunxande okanye ejikelezayo, i-coaxial-to-waveguide transition, okanye enye i-RF interface ivuselela imo yokusasazeka efunekayo.
- Isikhokelo segagasi sikhula kancinci kancinci.Icandelo elivuthayo liyandisa indawo enqamlezileyo kwaye linciphisa utshintsho olukhawulezileyo oluya kwenzeka kwi-waveguide evulekileyo.
- Intsimi isasazeka kulo lonke isithuba.Ijiyometri yempondo ilawula ubukhulu kunye nokusasazwa kwesigaba phezu kwembobo. Ubungakanani bembobo kunye nokufana kwentsimi kuchaphazela kakhulu i-gain, i-beadwidth, i-sidelobes, kunye ne-cross-polarization.
- I-aperture iphuma ingena kwindawo ekhululekileyo.Amasimi akwi-aperture adibana ukuvelisa ipateni ye-far-field ebhekise kwicala. I-aperture enkulu yombane ivelisa i-directivity ephezulu kunye ne-beam encinci, ukuba nje impazamo yesigaba kunye nokulahleka kuhlala kulawulwa.
I-flare ayikususi ngokupheleleyo ukungalingani kokukhanya okanye kwe-impedance. Endaweni yoko, i-flare eyilwe kakuhle inika utshintsho oluhamba kancinci kancinci, inceda ekufezekiseni i-VSWR eyamkelekileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemitha kuyo yonke ibhendi ekujoliswe kuyo. Ukusebenza kokugqibela kuxhomekeke kwimo yokutya, i-angle ye-flare, ubude be-horn, ubukhulu be-aperture, ukuchaneka kokwenziwa, kunye nazo naziphi na ii-ridges, ii-corrugations, iilensi, okanye izakhiwo ze-polarizing ezisetyenzisiweyo kuyilo.
Iiparameters zokusebenza kwe-Key Horn Antenna
Uluhlu lweeFrequency zokusebenza
Uluhlu lweefrikhwensi ezisebenzisekayo kufuneka luhambelane ne-feed waveguide okanye i-connector kunye ne-horn geometry. Ukusebenza kufuneka kujongwe kuyo yonke ibhendi efunekayo, kungekuphela nje kwi-center frequency. Kwi-waveguide-feeded horn, i-waveguide band ekhethiweyo kunye ne-flange zibaluleke kakhulu.
Ubungakanani beGain kunye neAperture
I-Gain ichaza indlela i-antenna egxininisa ngayo amandla kwicala elithile, kuquka nefuthe lokusebenza kakuhle kwe-antenna. I-gain ephezulu idla ngokufuna i-aperture enkulu yombane. Kwii-frequency eziphantsi, ukufikelela kwi-gain efanayo kudla ngokufuna uphondo olukhulu ngokwasemzimbeni.
Ipatheni yobubanzi bemitha kunye nemitha
Ububanzi be-beam-power obuyihafu bubonisa ububanzi be-angular be-main beam. Uphondo olufumana i-higher-gain ludla ngokuba ne-beam encinci. Iinjineli kufuneka ziphinde zihlole amanqanaba e-sidelobe, indlela yokuziphatha ukusuka ngaphambili ukuya ngasemva, kunye neepateni ze-E-plane kunye ne-H-plane kuba iimpondo ezimbini ezine-gain efanayo zinokuba neempawu ezahlukeneyo ze-sidelobe kunye ne-sidelobe.
I-VSWR kunye nelahleko yokubuya
I-VSWR kunye nokulahleka kokubuya kubonisa indlela igalelo le-antenna elihambelana ngayo nenkqubo ye-RF. Ukuhambelana okungekho semgangathweni kwandisa amandla abonakalayo kwaye kunokunciphisa amandla athunyelwa kwi-antenna. Umda owamkelekileyo uxhomekeke kwi-transmitter, i-receiver, ilahleko yekhebula, iimfuno zokulinganisa, kunye nomda wenkqubo.
Ukuphola kunye nokuPhambanisa ngokunqamlezayo
Ii-antenna zeHorn zinokuxhasa i-polarization ethe tyaba, ethe tyaba, ejikelezileyo, okanye ethe tyaba xa ziyilwe ngesakhiwo esifanelekileyo sokutya kunye ne-polarization. I-polarization efunekayo kufuneka ihambelane nenkqubo. I-cross-polarization, i-axial ratio ye-polarization ejikelezileyo, kunye ne-port isolation ye-dual-polarized designs kufuneka zihlolwe xa ubumsulwa be-polarization bubalulekile.
Ukuphathwa kwamandla kunye ne-RF Interface
Iimpondo ezityalwe yi-waveguide zihlala zikhethwa kwiinkqubo ze-microwave ezinamandla aphezulu, kodwa amandla okwenyani ombane axhomekeke ekuhlanganisweni okupheleleyo, kubandakanya i-waveguide, iinguqu, izihlanganisi, uxinzelelo, izinto, kunye nendawo yokusebenza. Isihlanganisi se-flange okanye se-coaxial kufuneka sihambelane ne-RF chain yonke ngoomatshini nangombane.
Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zee-antennas zeempondo
I-Antenna yePyramidal Horn
I-pyramidal horn iyavutha kwi-E-plane nakwi-H-plane ye-waveguide engxande. Yenye yezona geometri ze-horn ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye ixhaphakile ekulinganisweni kwe-antenna, usetyenziso lwereferensi ye-standard-gain, iinkqubo ze-radar, kunye nee-reflector feeds.
I-Antenna yeempondo zeCandelo
I-sectoral horn ivutha kwi-plane enye kuphela. I-E-plane sectoral horn iyanda kwi-E-plane, ngelixa i-H-plane sectoral horn iyanda kwi-H-plane. Ezi zakhiwo ziluncedo xa kufuneka ububanzi bee-beadwidth ezahlukeneyo kwi-plane ezimbini eziphambili okanye xa imiqathango yoomatshini ikhetha i-flare ye-plane enye.
I-Antenna yePondo ekhonkxiweyo
Uphondo oluyi-conical ludla ngokutyalwa yi-circular waveguide kwaye lune-circular aperture. Lunokuxhasa iimfuno ze-rotationally symmetric beam kwaye lunokulungiselelwa i-linear okanye i-circular polarization, kuxhomekeke kwi-feed kunye ne-excited mode.
I-Antenna yeempondo zeCorrugated
Iicorrugations zisetyenziselwa ukulawula imisinga yomphezulu kunye neendawo zokuvula. Uphondo oluyilwe kakuhle olune-corrugation lunokubonelela nge-symmetric beam, i-sidelobes ephantsi, kunye ne-cross-polarization ephantsi, okwenza ukuba lube nomtsalane kwii-feeds ezichanekileyo, iinkqubo zonxibelelwano lwesathelayithi, i-radio astronomy, kunye nokusetyenziswa kokulinganisa.
I-Antenna yeempondo ezineeRidged ezimbini kunye neBroadband
IiRidges zitshintsha usasazo lwentsimi ye-waveguide kwaye zehlise i-cutoff frequency esebenzayo, zivumela i-bandwidth yokusebenza ebanzi kunee-horns ezininzi ze-single-mode. Ii-horns ze-broadband ezine-double-ridged zisetyenziswa kakhulu kuvavanyo lwe-EMC, ukubekwa kweliso, ukulinganisa i-wideband, kunye neenkqubo zelebhu. Ukwanda kwazo, ipateni, kunye ne-VSWR kufuneka zihlolwe kulo lonke ibhendi kuba ukusebenza kwe-broadband akufani ngokungagqibekanga.
I-Antenna yeempondo eziDibeneyo neziDibeneyo
Iimpondo ezi-dual-polarized zisebenzisa ii-ports ezahlukeneyo okanye isakhiwo se-orthomode ukuxhasa ii-orthogonal polarizations ezimbini. Iimpondo ezi-circularly polarized zifaka i-polarizer okanye isakhiwo esifanelekileyo se-modal ukuvelisa i-circular polarization yesandla sasekunene okanye sasekhohlo. Iinkcukacha eziphambili ziquka i-port isolation, i-cross-polarization, kunye ne-axial ratio.
I-Antenna yeLens Horn
Uphondo lwelensi lubeka ilensi ye-electromagnetic phambi kwe-horn aperture ukuze ibumbe i-phase front. Ngokuxhomekeke kuyilo, ilensi inokunyusa i-directivity, inciphise ubude obufunekayo kwi-target aperture, okanye idale i-focused field yokulinganisa izinto kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-close-field.
Iingenelo kunye nokunqongophala kwee-Antennas zeempondo
Iingenelo
- Imitha ye-directional ene-E-plane kunye ne-H-plane patterns eziqikelelweyo
- Inzuzo eluncedo ngaphezu kwe-microwave kunye ne-millimeter-wave frequency ranges
- Ukusebenza kakuhle kwemitha xa kulawulwa ilahleko zomqhubi kunye notshintsho
- I-bandwidth yokusebenza ephakathi ukuya ebanzi, kuxhomekeke kuyilo lwe-horn kunye ne-feed
- Amandla aphezulu kwiindlela ezifanelekileyo zokulungiselela amaza
- Ubulula boomatshini kunye nokusebenza okuphindaphindwayo
- Ukufumaneka kwiindlela ezicwangcisiweyo ezithe tyaba, eziphindwe kabini, nezijikelezileyo
Imida
- Ubungakanani bomzimba buyanda njengoko ubuninzi buncipha okanye ukunyuka okufunekayo kuyanda
- Ukwanda okukhulu kakhulu kunokufuna umngxuma omkhulu okanye ilensi eyongezelelweyo okanye i-reflector
- Impazamo yesigaba sokuvuleka inganciphisa ukuvela kwaye ichaphazele ukusebenza kwe-sidelobe
- Iimodeli ze-Broadband zinokubonisa utshintsho olukhulu kwi-gain kunye ne-beamwidth kulo lonke ibhendi
- Ukuphola okuchanekileyo kunye neemfuno ezisezantsi zelobe kunokunyusa ubunzima boyilo kunye nokuveliswa
Izicelo ze-Horn Antenna
Ukulinganiswa kwe-Antena kunye noLungiso
Iimpondo ze-standard-gain ezichazwayo zihlala zisetyenziswa njengee-antenna zokubhekisa kwi-gain, i-radiation-pattern, i-polarization, kunye nokulinganisa i-antenna-range. I-geometry yazo ezinzileyo kunye nokuziphatha okuqondwa kakuhle kuluncedo kumsebenzi webhubhoratri ophindaphindwayo kunye ne-metrology.
Uvavanyo lwe-EMC kunye ne-EMI
Iimpondo ze-broadband zisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukukhutshwa kwe-radiated kunye novavanyo lwe-radiated-immune kumanqanaba e-microwave frequency. Iinjineli zovavanyo zikhetha i-antenna ngokwebhendi efunekayo, amandla entsimi, inqanaba lamandla, utshintsho lwe-gain, kunye nedatha yokulinganisa.
I-radar kunye nokuva okukude
Ii-antenna zeHorn zingasebenza njengee-antenna ezizimeleyo okanye njengezondla zezixhobo ezibonisa ukukhanya kwi-radar, i-imaging, i-remote-sensing, kunye neenkqubo zokuchonga izinto. Ukuma kwe-beam, ubumsulwa be-polarization, kunye nolawulo lwe-sidelobe kunokuba yinto ebalulekileyo kwezi zicelo.
Unxibelelwano lweSatellite kunye noNxibelelwano oluvela kwindawo enye ukuya kwenye
Ii-antenna zeHorn zisetyenziswa njengezondlayo kunye nee-antenna ezikhokelayo kwiikhonkco ze-microwave kunye ne-millimeter-wave. Ngokuxhomekeke kwinkqubo, iinjineli zinokubeka phambili i-gain, i-beam symmetry, i-circular polarization, i-low cross-polarization, okanye ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo.
I-Reflector kunye neLens Feeds
Uphondo lunokukhanyisa i-parabolic reflector okanye ilensi ye-dielectric. Ukukhethwa kwepatheni yokutya kuchaphazela ukukhanya kwe-aperture, ukuchitheka, ukusebenza kakuhle, ii-sidelobes, kunye nepatheni yemitha iyonke yenkqubo ye-antenna edibeneyo.
Indlela yokukhetha i-Antenna yeHorn
Qala ngeemfuno zenkqubo epheleleyo endaweni yokukhetha ngokufumana inzuzo kuphela:
- Chaza ibhendi yokusebenza.Qinisekisa iifrikhwensi ezincinci neziphezulu kunye nokuba kufuneka na ukusebenza rhoqo okanye okubonakalayo.
- Misela injongo yokuzuza kunye nokukhusela.Thelekisa i-gain kunye ne-E-plane kunye ne-H-plane beamwidth kwi-full band.
- Khetha i-polarisation.Khetha i-polarization ethe tyaba, ethe tyaba, ethe tyaba ngasekunene, ethe tyaba ngasekhohlo, okanye ethe tyaba ngokweenxa zonke njengoko kufuneka.
- Jonga umgangatho wepateni.Hlola ii-sidelobes, i-cross-polarization, i-axial ratio, ukusebenza kwe-front-to-back, kunye ne-port isolation apho kufanelekileyo.
- Qinisekisa ukufana kunye ne-interface.Qinisekisa i-VSWR okanye ilahleko yokubuyisela, ubungakanani be-waveguide, umgangatho we-flange, uhlobo lwesixhumi, kunye nokufakelwa koomatshini.
- Cinga ngamandla kunye nokusingqongileyo.Iakhawunti yamandla okuhambisa, umjikelo womsebenzi, ubushushu, ukhuseleko lwemozulu, iimfuno ze-radome, kunye neemeko zokufakelwa.
- Sebenzisa idatha elinganisiweyo apho kufuneka khona.Kwimilinganiselo yokulinganisa, uvavanyo lokuthobela imithetho, kunye neenkqubo zokuchaneka, sebenzisa iphepha ledatha elithile eliyimodeli kunye nedatha yokulinganisa elinganisiweyo endaweni yokuxhomekeka kwinkcazo yosapho eqhelekileyo.
Ukuze ufumane uthelekiso olusebenzayo lwezinto zokukhetha, jonga kuIsikhokelo sokukhetha i-antenna ye-RF MISO hornUngakhangela kwakhona yonke intoUluhlu lwe-antenna ye-RF MISO.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Ngaba i-antenna ye-horn iyawukhulisa umqondiso?
Hayi. I-antenna yexilongo sisixhobo esingasebenziyo. Ukwanda kwayo kuvela ekuqondiseni amandla adluliselweyo okanye afunyenweyo, kungekhona ekukhuliseni nge-elektroniki.
Ngaba zonke ii-antenna ze-horn zi-broadband?
Hayi. Ii-antenna ezininzi zeempondo zibonelela nge-bandwidth eluncedo, kodwa uluhlu lokwenyani luxhomekeke kwi-feed, iindlela ze-waveguide, i-geometry ye-flare, isakhiwo sokufanisa, kunye nenethiwekhi ye-polarization. Iimpondo ezine-double-ridged zenzelwe ngokukodwa ii-bandwidths ezibanzi.
Yintoni egqiba ukuba i-antenna ye-horn iyanda?
Ukwanda kwe-aperture kuchaphazeleka bubungakanani be-electrical aperture, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-aperture, ukusasazwa kwe-phase kunye ne-amplitude, ukulahleka kwe-conductor, kunye nokuphindaphinda. Ukwanda kwe-aperture yombane ngokubanzi kuxhasa i-directivity ephezulu, kodwa ulawulo olufanelekileyo lwentsimi luyafuneka ukuguqula ubungakanani be-aperture bube yi-gain eluncedo.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-standard-gain horn kunye ne-broadband horn?
I-standard-gain horn yenzelwe ukubonelela nge-gain eqikelelweyo, eneempawu ezintle ngaphezu kwebhendi yayo echaziweyo kwaye idla ngokusetyenziswa njengesalathiso sokulinganisa. I-broadband horn ibeka phambili ukusebenza kuluhlu olubanzi lweefrikhwensi, kunye ne-gain kunye ne-beamwidth ezinokwahluka kakhulu kulo lonke olo luhlu.
Sebenza ne-RF MISO
I-RF MISO ibonelela ngee-antenna ze-horn ezisemgangathweni nezenzelwe wena kwii-microwave kunye ne-millimeter-wave applications, kuquka i-pyramidal, i-conical, i-broadband, i-corrugated, i-dual-polarized, i-circularly polarized, kunye ne-lens horn designs. Ukukhetha kufuneka kusekelwe kuluhlu lwee-frequency ezithile zemodeli, i-gain, i-pattern, i-polarization, i-VSWR, i-interface, kunye neemfuno zokusingqongileyo.
Hlola zethuiimveliso ze-antenna zophondo or qhagamshelana ne-RF MISOukuxoxa ngesicelo sakho kunye neemfuno zobugcisa.
Iingxelo kunye nokufunda okungakumbi
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-28-2024
