I-Directivity yiparamitha ye-eriyali esisiseko.Lo ngumlinganiselo wendlela ipateni yemitha ye-eriyali eyalathiswayo.I-eriyali ephuma ngokulinganayo kuwo onke amacala iya kuba ne-directivity elingana no-1. (Oku kufana ne-zero decibels -0 dB).
Umsebenzi wolungelelwaniso lwe-spherical ungabhalwa njengepateni eqhelekileyo yemitha:
[Equation 1]
Ipateni eqhelekileyo yokusasazeka inemilo efanayo neyepateni yokuqala yokusasazeka kwemitha.Ipateni yemitha yesiqhelo icuthwe ngokobukhulu kangangokuba ixabiso eliphezulu lepateni yemitha lilingana no-1. (Eyona inkulu yinxaki [1] ka "F").Ngokwezibalo, indlela yokwalatha (uhlobo "D") ibhalwe ngolu hlobo:
Oku kunokubonakala ngathi yinxaki yendlela enzima.Nangona kunjalo, iipateni zemitha yeemolekyuli zibaluleke kakhulu.Idinomineyitha imele umndilili wamandla asasazwa macala onke.Inxaki ke ngumlinganiselo wencopho yamandla asasazwayo ahlulwe ngomndilili.Oku kunika ulwalathiso lwe-eriyali.
Iparadigm yolwalathiso
Njengomzekelo, qwalasela iiequation ezimbini ezilandelayo zepateni yemitha yee-eriyali ezimbini.
I-antenna 1
I-antenna 2
Ezi patheni zemitha zicwangciswe kuMfanekiso 1. Nceda uqaphele ukuba imowudi yokusasazeka ngumsebenzi we-engile yepolar theta (θ)Ipateni yemitha ayingomsebenzi we-azimuth.(Ipateni ye-azimuthal radiation ihlala ingatshintshi).Ipateni yemitha ye-eriyali yokuqala ayiqondi kakuhle, emva koko ipateni yemitha ye-eriyali yesibini.Ke ngoko, silindele ukuba ulwalathiso lube sezantsi kwi-eriyali yokuqala.
umfanekiso 1. Umzobo wepateni yemitha ye-eriyali.Inomkhombandlela ophezulu?
Ukusebenzisa ifomula [1], sinokubala ukuba i-eriyali ine-directivity ephezulu.Ukujonga ukuqonda kwakho, cinga ngoMfanekiso 1 kunye nokuba yintoni na indlela.Emva koko misela ukuba yeyiphi i-eriyali enolwalathiso oluphezulu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa naziphi na izibalo.
Iziphumo zokubala ezithe gqolo, sebenzisa ifomula [1]:
I-eriyali yolwalathiso 1 ukubala, 1.273 (1.05 dB).
I-eriyali ye-antenna 2 ukubala, 2.707 (4.32 dB).
Ukwandiswa kwe-directivity kuthetha i-eriyali egxile ngakumbi okanye eyalathiso.Oku kuthetha ukuba i-eriyali yokufumana i-2 inamaxesha angama-2.707 amandla olwalathiso lwencopho yayo kune-antenna ye-omnidirectional.I-antenna 1 iya kufumana amaxesha angama-1.273 amandla e-antenna ye-omnidirectional.Ii-eriyali ze-Omnidirectional zisetyenziswa njengereferensi eqhelekileyo nangona kungekho zi-eriyali ze-isotropic ezikhoyo.
Ii-eriyali zeselfowuni kufuneka zibe ne-directivity ephantsi kuba iimpawu zinokuvela kulo naliphi na icala.Ngokwahlukileyo, izitya zesathelayithi zinokuqondisa okuphezulu.Isitya sesathelayithi sifumana imiqondiso evela kwicala elimiselweyo.Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ufumana isitya seTV se-satellite, inkampani iya kukuxelela apho ungayikhomba khona kwaye isitya siya kufumana isignali oyifunayo.
Siza kugqiba ngoluhlu lweentlobo ze-eriyali kunye nokuqondisa kwazo.Oku kuya kukunika ingcamango yokuba yeyiphi indlela eqhelekileyo.
Uhlobo lwe-eriyali Indlela yokwalatha eqhelekileyo [decibel] (dB)
I-eriyali ye-dipole emfutshane 1.5 1.76
Isiqingatha-amaza dipole eriyali 1.64 2.15
Isiqwenga (i-antenna ye-microstrip) 3.2-6.3 5-8
I-eriyali yophondo 10-100 10-20
Dish eriyali 10-10,000 10-40
Njengoko idatha engentla ibonisa ulwalathiso lwe-eriyali luyahluka kakhulu.Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthe ngqo xa ukhetha eyona eriyali ilungileyo kwisicelo sakho esithile.Ukuba ufuna ukuthumela okanye ukufumana amandla ukusuka kwiindlela ezininzi kwicala elinye kuya kufuneka uyile i-eriyali enokuqondisa okuphantsi.Imizekelo yezicelo zee-eriyali ezisezantsi zibandakanya oonomathotholo bemoto, iiselfowuni, kunye nokufikelela kwi-Intanethi ngaphandle kwamacingo ekhompyuter.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba wenza i-remote sensing okanye ugqithiso lwamandla ekujoliswe kulo, kuya kufuneka i-eriyali eyalatha kakhulu.Ii-eriyali eziya ngasentla ziya kwandisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ukusuka kwicala elifunwayo kunye nokunciphisa imiqondiso evela kwiindlela ezingafunekiyo.
Masithi sifuna i-eriyali ephantsi yokuqondisa.Sikwenza njani oku?
Umgaqo jikelele wethiyori ye-eriyali kukuba udinga i-eriyali encinci yombane ukuvelisa ulwalathiso oluphantsi.Oko kukuthi, ukuba usebenzisa i-eriyali kunye nobukhulu obupheleleyo be-0.25 - 0.5 wavelength, ngoko uya kunciphisa ukuqondisa.Ii-eriyali ze-dipole ezinesiqingatha zamaza okanye ii-eriyali zesiqingatha sobude bobude buhlala bungaphantsi kwe-3 dB ngqo.Oku kuphantsi njengokwalathiso onokulufumana xa usebenza.
Ekugqibeleni, asikwazi ukwenza ii-eriyali zibe zincinci kunekota ye-wavelength ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-eriyali kunye ne-bandwidth ye-eriyali.Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-antenna kunye ne-antenna bandwidth kuya kuxutyushwa kwizahluko ezizayo.
Kwi-eriyali enokwalatha okuphezulu, siya kufuna ii-eriyali ezinobungakanani obuninzi be-wavelength.Njengee-eriyali zesathelayithi zesitya kunye neempondo zeempondo zinokuqondisa okuphezulu.Oku kungenxa yokuba zininzi ubude bamaza.
kutheni kunjalo?Ekugqibeleni, isizathu sinento yokwenza neempawu zenguqu yeFourier.Xa uthatha iFourier transform of short pulse, ufumana i-spectrum ebanzi.Lo mzekeliso awukho ekumiseleni ipateni yemitha ye-eriyali.Ipateni yemitha yokusasazeka inokucingelwa njengenguqu yeFourier yokusasazwa kwamandla akhoyo okanye amandla ombane ecaleni kwe-eriyali.Ke ngoko, ii-eriyali ezincinci zineepateni ezibanzi zemitha (kunye nolwalathiso oluphantsi).Ii-eriyali ezinevoltheji enkulu efanayo okanye ukuhanjiswa kwangoku Iipateni zalathiso kakhulu (kunye nolwalathiso oluphezulu).
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Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-07-2023
