Ukufumana njani ukuhambelana kwe-impedance ye-waveguides?Ukusuka kwithiyori yentambo yothumelo kwithiyori ye-antenna ye-microstrip, siyazi ukuba uthotho olufanelekileyo okanye imigca yothumelo ehambelanayo inokukhethwa ukuphumeza ukuhambelana kwe-impedance phakathi kwemigca yothumelo okanye phakathi kwemigca yothumelo kunye nemithwalo ukuphumeza ukuhanjiswa kwamandla aphezulu kunye nelahleko encinci yokubonakalisa.Umgaqo ofanayo wokulinganisa i-impedance kwimigca ye-microstrip uyasebenza ekufaniseni i-impedance kwi-waveguides.Ukubonakaliswa kwiinkqubo ze-waveguide kunokukhokelela kukungalingani kwe-impedance.Xa ukuwohloka kwe-impedance kwenzeka, isisombululo siyafana nemigca yokudlulisa, oko kukuthi, ukuguqula ixabiso elifunekayo I-impedance ye-lumped ibekwe kwiindawo ezibalwe kwangaphambili kwi-waveguide ukunqoba ukungahambi kakuhle, ngaloo ndlela isusa imiphumo yokubonakalisa.Ngelixa iintambo zothumelo zisebenzisa i-impedances okanye i-stubs, amaza amaza asebenzisa iibhloko zetsimbi zeemilo ezahlukeneyo.
Isazobe 1:I-Waveguide irises kunye nesekethe elinganayo,(a)Capacitive;(b)inductive;(c)resonant.
Umzobo we-1 ubonisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa i-impedance, ukuthatha naziphi na iifom ezibonisiweyo kwaye zinokuba ne-capacitive, inductive okanye i-resonant.Uhlalutyo lwemathematika luyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa ingcaciso ebonakalayo ayikho.Ukuthathela ingqalelo umcu wentsimbi wokuqala we-capacitive emfanekisweni, kunokubonwa ukuba amandla akhoyo phakathi kweendonga eziphezulu nasezantsi ze-waveguide (kwimowudi eyongamileyo) ngoku ikhona phakathi kwemigangatho emibini yentsimbi ngokusondeleyo, ngoko ke amandla ingongoma iyanda.Ngokwahlukileyo, ibhloko yensimbi kwi-Figure 1b ivumela i-current ukuba ihambe apho ingazange ihambe ngaphambili.Kuya kubakho ukuhamba kwangoku kwinqwelomoya yentsimi yombane ephuculweyo ngaphambili ngenxa yokongezwa kwebhloko yentsimbi.Ngoko ke, ukugcinwa kwamandla kwenzeka kwintsimi yamagnetic kwaye i-inductance kuloo ndawo ye-waveguide iyanda.Ukongeza, ukuba imilo kunye nendawo yentsimbi yentsimbi kuMzobo c ziyilwe ngokufanelekileyo, i-reactance inductive kunye ne-capacitive reactance eyaziswa iya kufana, kwaye i-aperture iya kuba yi-resonance parallel.Oku kuthetha ukuba i-impedance ehambelanayo kunye nokulungiswa kweyona ndlela iphambili ilungile kakhulu, kwaye umphumo we-shunting wale mowudi uya kuba yinto engathandabuzekiyo.Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iindlela okanye ii-frequencies ziya kuthotywa, ngoko ke i-resonant metal ring isebenza njenge-bandpass filter kunye ne-mode filter.
umfanekiso 2:(a)izithuba zesikhokelo samaza;(b)isixhobo sokulinganisa izikrufu ezibini
Enye indlela yokucula iboniswe ngasentla, apho i-cylindrical post post yensimbi isuka kwelinye lamacala abanzi ukuya kwi-waveguide, ibe nefuthe elifanayo njengentsimbi yentsimbi malunga nokubonelela ngokusabela okudibeneyo kuloo ndawo.Isithuba sentsimbi sinokuba ne-capacitive okanye i-inductive, kuxhomekeke kwindlela ekude ngayo kwi-waveguide.Ngokusisiseko, le ndlela yokudibanisa kukuba xa intsika yentsimbi ikhula kancinane kwi-waveguide, ibonelela nge-capacitive susceptance ngelo xesha, kwaye ukunyuka kwe-capacitive kuyanda kuze kube yilapho ukungena kumalunga nekota ye-wavelength, Kweli nqanaba, uchungechunge lwe-resonance luyenzeka. .Ukungena ngakumbi kwipali yentsimbi kukhokelela ekubeni kubonelelwe nge-inductive susceptance eyehlayo njengoko ukufakwa kuya kugqibelela.I-resonance intensity kwi-midpoint yofakelo ihambelana ngokungafaniyo nobubanzi bekholomu kwaye ingasetyenziselwa njengesihluzo, nangona kunjalo, kulo mzekelo isetyenziswe njengesihluzo sokumisa ibhendi ukuhambisa iindlela zomyalelo ophezulu.Xa kuthelekiswa nokunyuswa kwe-impedance yeentsimbi zetsimbi, inzuzo enkulu yokusebenzisa izithuba zetsimbi kukuba kulula ukuyilungisa.Umzekelo, izikrufu ezibini zinokusetyenziswa njengezixhobo zokulungisa ukufezekisa ukuhambelana okusebenzayo kwe-waveguide.
Imithwalo exhathisayo kunye nezithinteli:
Njengayo nayiphi na enye inkqubo yothumelo, ii-waveguides ngamanye amaxesha zifuna ukuhambelana okugqibeleleyo kunye nemithwalo elungelelanisiweyo ukuze ifunxe ngokupheleleyo amaza angenayo ngaphandle kokubonakalisa kwaye ingabi namvakalelo.Esinye isicelo seetheminali ezinjalo kukwenza imilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yamandla kwisixokelelwano ngaphandle kokusasaza nawaphi na amandla.
umfanekiso we-3 i-waveguide resistant load(a)i-taper enye(b)i-double taper
Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yokuphelisa i-resistive licandelo le-dielectric elahlekileyo efakwe ekupheleni kwe-waveguide kunye ne-tapered (kunye nencam ebhekiselele kumaza angenayo) ukuze kungabangela ukubonakaliswa.Le ndlela ilahlekileyo ingathatha bonke ububanzi be-waveguide, okanye ingathatha kuphela embindini wesiphelo se-waveguide, njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso wesi-3. nobude obumalunga namaza amabini.Ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe ngeepleyiti ze-dielectric ezifana neglasi, ezifakwe ngefilimu yekhabhoni okanye iglasi yamanzi ngaphandle.Kusetyenziso lwamandla aphezulu, ezotheminali zinokuba neesinki zobushushu ezongeziweyo kumphandle we-waveguide, kwaye amandla asiwe kwi-terminal anokukhutshwa ngesinki yobushushu okanye ngokupholisa umoya ngenkani.
umfanekiso 4 Ivane attenuator eshukumayo
I-Dielectric attenuators ingenziwa ikhutshwe njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Figure 4. Ibekwe phakathi kwe-waveguide, inokuthi ihanjiswe ngasecaleni ukusuka kumbindi we-waveguide, apho iya kubonelela ngokunciphisa okukhulu, ukuya emaphethelweni, apho ukuthotywa kuncitshiswe kakhulu. kuba amandla ombane wemowudi elawulayo asezantsi kakhulu.
Ukujongwa kwi-waveguide:
Ukuthotywa kwamandla esikhokelo samaza ikakhulu kubandakanya le miba ilandelayo:
1. Ukubonakaliswa kwe-waveguide discontinuities yangaphakathi okanye amacandelo angalungiswanga kakuhle
2. Ilahleko ebangelwa kukuqukuqela kwangoku kwiindonga ze-waveguide
3. Ilahleko ye-Dielectric kwii-waveguides ezigcweleyo
Ezi zimbini zokugqibela zifana neelahleko ezihambelanayo kwimigca ye-coaxial kwaye zombini zincinci.Le lahleko ixhomekeke kwimpahla eludongeni kunye noburhabaxa bayo, i-dielectric esetyenzisiweyo kunye ne-frequency (ngenxa yempembelelo yesikhumba).Kwi-conduit yobhedu, uluhlu luvela kwi-4 dB / 100m kwi-5 GHz ukuya kwi-12 dB / 100m kwi-10 GHz, kodwa kwi-aluminium conduit, uluhlu luphantsi.Kumaza amaza agqunywe ngesilivere, ilahleko iqhele ukuba yi-8dB/100m kuma-35 GHz, 30dB/100m kwi-70 GHz, kwaye isondele kuma-500 dB/100m kuma-200 GHz.Ukunciphisa ilahleko, ngakumbi kwii-frequencies eziphezulu, i-waveguides ngamanye amaxesha ifakwe (ngaphakathi) ngegolide okanye iplatinam.
Njengoko sele kubonisiwe, i-waveguide isebenza njengesihluzo sokupasa okuphezulu.Nangona i-waveguide ngokwayo ilahlekileyo, iifrikhwensi ezingaphantsi kwe-cutoff frequency zithotywa kanobom.Oku kuthotywa kungenxa yokubonakaliswa kumlomo we-waveguide endaweni yokusasaza.
Udibaniso lweWaveguide:
Ukudityaniswa kwe-waveguide ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ngeeflange xa iziqwenga ze-waveguide okanye izixhobo zidityanisiwe.Umsebenzi wale flange kukuqinisekisa uqhagamshelo lomatshini olugudileyo kunye neempawu ezifanelekileyo zombane, ngakumbi imisebe yangaphandle ephantsi kunye nokubonakaliswa okuphantsi kwangaphakathi.
Flange:
Iiflange zeWaveguide zisetyenziswa kakhulu kunxibelelwano lwemicrowave, iinkqubo zeradar, unxibelelwano ngesathelayithi, iinkqubo ze-eriyali, kunye nezixhobo zelabhoratri kuphando lwezenzululwazi.Zisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa amacandelo ahlukeneyo e-waveguide, ukuqinisekisa ukuvuza kunye nokuphazamiseka kuyathintelwa, kunye nokugcina ulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo lwe-waveguide ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa okuphezulu okuthembekileyo kunye nokuma okuchanekileyo kwamaza ombane we-electromagnetic.I-waveguide eqhelekileyo ine-flange kwisiphelo ngasinye, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 5.
umfanekiso 5 (a)iflange engenanto;(b)ukudibanisa iflange.
Kwi-frequencies esezantsi i-flange iyakunyanyiswa okanye idityaniswe kwi-waveguide, ngelixa i-frequencies ephezulu i-flange ye-flange ye-flange iyasetyenziswa.Xa iinxalenye ezimbini zidityanisiwe, iiflange zidityaniswe kunye, kodwa iziphelo kufuneka zigqitywe kakuhle ukuphepha ukungaqhubeki kunxibelelwano.Ngokucacileyo kulula ukulungelelanisa amacandelo ngokuchanekileyo kunye nohlengahlengiso oluthile, ngoko ke amaza amaza amancinci ngamanye amaxesha axhotyiswe ngeeflange ezinemisonto ezinokudityaniswa kunye nendongomane yeringi.Njengoko i-frequency isonyuka, ubungakanani bokudityaniswa kwe-waveguide ngokwemvelo buyancipha, kwaye ukuyeka ukudityaniswa kuba kukhulu ngokulingana nobude besignali kunye nobukhulu be-waveguide.Ke ngoko, ukungaqhubeki kwiifrikhwensi eziphezulu kuba yingxaki ngakumbi.
umfanekiso 6 (a)Icandelo elinqamlezileyo lokudityaniswa kwemikrwelo;(b)imbonakalo yokuphela kweflange ekrwitshwayo
Ukusombulula le ngxaki, i-gap encinci inokushiywa phakathi kwee-waveguides, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMzobo 6. Ukudibanisa okuxutywayo okubandakanya i-flange eqhelekileyo kunye ne-flange yokuxutywa edibeneyo kunye.Ukuhlawulela i-discontinuities enokwenzeka, i-ring circular choke ene-cross-shaped cross-section isetyenziswe kwi-choke flange ukufezekisa uxhulumaniso oluqinileyo.Ngokungafaniyo neeflange eziqhelekileyo, iiflange eziminxayo zinovakalelo rhoqo, kodwa uyilo oluphuculweyo linokuqinisekisa i-bandwidth efanelekileyo (mhlawumbi i-10% ye-frequency yeziko) apho i-SWR ingadluli kwi-1.05.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-15-2024
