Indlela yokufikelela ekufanisweni kwe-impedance yee-waveguides? Kwithiyori yomgca wokudlulisela kwithiyori ye-antenna ye-microstrip, siyazi ukuba imigca efanelekileyo yothumelo okanye ehambelanayo inokukhethwa ukuze kufikelelwe ekufanisweni kwe-impedance phakathi kwemigca yokudlulisela okanye phakathi kwemigca yokudlulisela kunye nemithwalo ukuze kufikelelwe ekudlulisweni kwamandla aphezulu kunye nokulahleka okuncinci kokubonakalisa. Umgaqo ofanayo wokuhambelana kwe-impedance kwimigca ye-microstrip usebenza ekufanisweni kwe-impedance kwii-waveguides. Ukubonakalisa kwiinkqubo ze-waveguides kunokukhokelela ekungahambelani kwe-impedance. Xa kwenzeka ukonakala kwe-impedance, isisombululo siyafana nesemigca yokudlulisela, oko kukuthi, ukutshintsha ixabiso elifunekayo. I-impedance edibeneyo ibekwa kwiindawo ezibalwe kwangaphambili kwi-waveguides ukuze yoyise ukungafani, ngaloo ndlela isuse iziphumo zokubonakalisa. Ngelixa imigca yokudlulisela isebenzisa ii-impedances ezidibeneyo okanye ii-stubs, ii-waveguides zisebenzisa iibhloko zesinyithi zemilo eyahlukeneyo.
umfanekiso 1: Ii-iris ze-Waveguide kunye nesekethe elinganayo,(a)I-Capacitive;(b)inductive;(c)i-resonant.
Umfanekiso 1 ubonisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokufanisa i-impedance, ethatha nayiphi na indlela ebonisiweyo kwaye inokuba yi-capacitive, i-inductive okanye i-resonant. Uhlalutyo lwezibalo luyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa inkcazo ebonakalayo ayinjalo. Ukuqwalasela umgca wokuqala wesinyithi okwaziyo ukusebenza kumfanekiso, kunokubonwa ukuba amandla akhoyo phakathi kweendonga eziphezulu nezisezantsi ze-waveguide (kwimo elawulayo) ngoku akhona phakathi kweendawo ezimbini zesinyithi ezikufutshane, ngoko ke i-capacitance yi-The point iyanda. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ibhloko yesinyithi kuMfanekiso 1b ivumela umbane ukuba ugeleze apho wawungahambi khona ngaphambili. Kuya kubakho ukuhamba kombane kwindawo yombane eyayiphuculwe ngaphambili ngenxa yokongezwa kwebhloko yesinyithi. Ke ngoko, ukugcinwa kwamandla kwenzeka kwintsimi yemagnethi kwaye i-inductance kuloo ndawo ye-waveguide iyanda. Ukongeza, ukuba imo kunye nendawo yendandatho yesinyithi kuMfanekiso c ziyilwe ngokufanelekileyo, i-inductive reactance kunye ne-capacitive reactance ezifakiweyo ziya kulingana, kwaye i-aperture iya kuba yi-parallel resonance. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukufanisa i-impedance kunye nokulungisa imowudi ephambili kulungile kakhulu, kwaye isiphumo sokushukuma sale mowudi asiyi kuba sihle kangako. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iindlela okanye amaza aya kuncitshiswa, ngoko ke iringi yesinyithi evakalayo isebenza njengesihluzi se-bandpass kunye nesihluzi semowudi.
umfanekiso 2:(a)izithuba zesikhokelo samaza;(b)umfanisi weeskrufu ezimbini
Enye indlela yokulungisa iboniswe apha ngasentla, apho iposti yesinyithi esisilinda isuka kwelinye lamacala abanzi iye kwi-waveguide, inesiphumo esifanayo nestrip yesinyithi ngokubhekisele ekuboneleleni nge-lumped reactance kuloo ndawo. Iposti yesinyithi ingaba yi-capacitive okanye i-inductive, kuxhomekeke ekubeni ifikelela phi kwi-waveguide. Ngokwenyani, le ndlela yokufanisa kukuba xa i-metal pillar enjalo isanda kancinci kwi-waveguide, inika i-capacitive susceptance kuloo ndawo, kwaye i-capacitive susceptance iyanda de ukungena kube malunga nekota yobude be-wavelength. Kule ndawo, kwenzeka i-series resonance. Ukungena okungakumbi kweposti yesinyithi kubangela ukuba kubekho i-inductive susceptance enikezelwayo eyancipha njengoko ukufakwa kugqibelela ngakumbi. Ubunzulu be-resonance ekufakweni kwe-midpoint bulingana ngokuphambeneyo nobubanzi bekholamu kwaye bungasetyenziswa njengesihluzo, nangona kunjalo, kule meko isetyenziswa njengesihluzo se-band stop ukuhambisa iindlela eziphezulu. Xa kuthelekiswa nokwandisa i-impedance ye-metal strips, inzuzo enkulu yokusebenzisa i-metal polls kukuba kulula ukuzilungisa. Umzekelo, izikrufu ezibini zingasetyenziswa njengezixhobo zokulungisa ukuze kufezekiswe ukuhambelana kakuhle kwesikhokelo samaza.
Imithwalo yokumelana kunye nezinto ezithintelayo:
Njengayo nayiphi na enye inkqubo yokudlulisa, ii-waveguides ngamanye amaxesha zifuna ukulinganisa okugqibeleleyo kwe-impedance kunye nemithwalo elungisiweyo ukuze zifunxe ngokupheleleyo amaza angenayo ngaphandle kokubonakalisa kwaye zingabi namvakalelo yamaza amaninzi. Enye yezicelo zezi terminals kukwenza umlinganiselo wamandla ahlukeneyo kwinkqubo ngaphandle kokukhupha amandla.
umfanekiso 3 wesikhokelo samaza umthwalo wokumelana (a) i-taper enye (b) i-taper ephindwe kabini
Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yokuphelisa amandla kukusetyenziswa kwe-dielectric elahlekileyo efakwe ekupheleni kwe-waveguide kwaye inciphile (incam yayo ijonge kwi-wave engenayo) ukuze ingabangela ukubonakaliswa. Le medium elahlekileyo inokuhlala lonke ububanzi be-waveguide, okanye inokuhlala kuphela embindini wesiphelo se-waveguide, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 3. I-taper ingaba yi-single okanye i-double taper kwaye idla ngokuba nobude be-λp/2, ubude bayo bumalunga nama-wavelength amabini. Ihlala yenziwe ngeepleyiti ze-dielectric ezifana neglasi, ezigqunywe ngefilimu yekhabhoni okanye iglasi yamanzi ngaphandle. Kwizicelo zamandla aphezulu, ezo terminals zinokuba nezinki zobushushu ezongeziweyo ngaphandle kwe-waveguide, kwaye amandla aziswa kwi-terminal anokusasazeka ngesinki sobushushu okanye ngokuphola komoya okunyanzelekileyo.
umfanekiso 4 Isixhobo sokuthomalalisa i-vane esishukumayo
Ii-dielectric attenuators zingenziwa zisuswe njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 4. Zibekwe phakathi kwe-waveguide, zinokususwa ecaleni ukusuka embindini we-waveguide, apho ziya kubonelela ngokunciphisa okukhulu, ukuya emaphethelweni, apho ukuncitshiswa kuncitshiswa kakhulu kuba amandla ombane wendlela elawulayo aphantsi kakhulu.
Ukuncipha kwi-waveguide:
Ukunciphisa amandla kwii-waveguides kubandakanya ikakhulu ezi zinto zilandelayo:
1. Ukubonakaliswa okuvela kwiingxaki zangaphakathi ze-waveguide okanye amacandelo e-waveguide angalungelelaniswanga kakuhle
2. Ukulahleka okubangelwa kukuhamba komsinga kwiindonga zesikhokelo samaza
3. Ukulahleka kweDielectric kwii-waveguides ezizaliswe ngokupheleleyo
Ezimbini zokugqibela zifana nokulahleka okuhambelanayo kwimigca ye-coaxial kwaye zombini zincinci kakhulu. Olu lahleko luxhomekeke kwizinto ezisetyenziswa eludongeni kunye noburhabaxa bazo, i-dielectric esetyenzisiweyo kunye ne-frequency (ngenxa yesiphumo sesikhumba). Kwi-conduit ye-brass, uluhlu luqala kwi-4 dB/100m kwi-5 GHz ukuya kwi-12 dB/100m kwi-10 GHz, kodwa kwi-conduit ye-aluminium, uluhlu luphantsi. Kwi-waveguides ezine-silver-coated, ilahleko zihlala ziyi-8dB/100m kwi-35 GHz, 30dB/100m kwi-70 GHz, kwaye zisondele kwi-500 dB/100m kwi-200 GHz. Ukunciphisa ilahleko, ngakumbi kwi-frequency ephezulu, ii-waveguides ngamanye amaxesha zifakelwa (ngaphakathi) ngegolide okanye iplatinum.
Njengoko sele kubonisiwe, i-waveguide isebenza njengesihluzi esidlula phezulu. Nangona i-waveguide ngokwayo ingenalahleko, amaza angaphantsi kwe-cutoff frequency ancipha kakhulu. Oku kuncipha kungenxa yokukhanya emlonyeni we-waveguide endaweni yokusasazeka.
Ukudibanisa i-Waveguide:
Ukudibanisa i-waveguide kudla ngokwenzeka ngee-flanges xa iziqwenga ze-waveguide okanye izinto ezikuyo zidityanisiwe. Umsebenzi wale flange kukuqinisekisa uqhagamshelo olugudileyo kunye neempawu zombane ezifanelekileyo, ngakumbi imitha yangaphandle ephantsi kunye nokukhanya kwangaphakathi okuphantsi.
Iflengi:
Iiflange ze-Waveguide zisetyenziswa kakhulu kunxibelelwano lwe-microwave, iinkqubo ze-radar, unxibelelwano lwesathelayithi, iinkqubo ze-antenna, kunye nezixhobo zelebhu kuphando lwesayensi. Zisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa amacandelo ahlukeneyo e-waveguide, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuvuza kunye nokuphazamiseka kuyathintelwa, kunye nokugcina ulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo lwe-waveguide ukuqinisekisa ukudluliselwa okuphezulu okuthembekileyo kunye nokubekwa ngokuchanekileyo kwamaza e-electromagnetic frequency. I-waveguide eqhelekileyo ineflange kwicala ngalinye, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 5.
umfanekiso 5 (a) iflegi engenanto;(b) uqhagamshelo lweflegi.
Kwi-frequency ezisezantsi, i-flange iya kuqhotyiswa okanye idityaniswe kwi-waveguide, ngelixa kwi-frequency ephezulu kusetyenziswa i-flat butt flat flange. Xa kudityaniswe iindawo ezimbini, ii-flange ziyabotshwa kunye, kodwa iziphelo kufuneka zigqitywe kakuhle ukuze kuthintelwe ukungaqhubeki kunxibelelwano. Kulula ngokucacileyo ukulungelelanisa izinto ngokuchanekileyo ngohlengahlengiso oluthile, ngoko ke ii-waveguide ezincinci ngamanye amaxesha zixhotyiswe ngee-flanges ezinemisonto ezinokukrufulwa kunye nge-ring nut. Njengoko i-frequency isanda, ubungakanani be-waveguide coupling buyancipha ngokwendalo, kwaye ukungaqhubeki kokudibanisa kuba kukhulu ngokulingana nobude be-signal kunye nobukhulu be-waveguide. Ke ngoko, ukungaqhubeki kwi-frequency eziphezulu kuba yingxaki ngakumbi.
umfanekiso 6 (a) Icandelo elinqamlezileyo le-choke coupling; (b) umbono wesiphelo se-choke flange
Ukusombulula le ngxaki, kungashiywa umsantsa omncinci phakathi kwezikhokelo zamaza, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 6. I-choke coupling equlathe i-flange eqhelekileyo kunye ne-choke flange edityaniswe kunye. Ukulungisa ukungaqhubeki okunokwenzeka, i-choke ring ejikelezayo ene-cross-section efana ne-L isetyenziswa kwi-choke flange ukuze kufunyanwe uqhagamshelo oluqinileyo. Ngokungafaniyo nee-flanges eziqhelekileyo, ii-choke flanges zinovakalelo oluqhelekileyo kwi-frequency, kodwa uyilo olulungiselelweyo lunokuqinisekisa i-bandwidth efanelekileyo (mhlawumbi i-10% ye-center frequency) apho i-SWR ingadluli kwi-1.05.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-15-2024
