Ukuzuza kwe-eriyali kubhekiselele kwinzuzo yamandla emitha ye-eriyali kwicala elithile elinxulumene nendawo eyiyo yomthombo we-eriyali.Imele amandla okusasazeka kwe-eriyali kwicala elithile, oko kukuthi, ulwamkelo lwesiginali okanye ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhutshwa kwe-eriyali kwelo cala.Okukhona iphezulu inzuzo ye-eriyali, kokukhona i-eriyali isebenza ngcono kwicala elithile kwaye inokufumana okanye idlulise imiqondiso ngokufanelekileyo.Inzuzo ye-antenna idla ngokubonakaliswa ngeedecibels (dB) kwaye yenye yezalathi ezibalulekileyo zokuvavanya ukusebenza kwe-eriyali.
Okulandelayo, ndiya kukuthatha ukuba uqonde imigaqo esisiseko yokufumana i-antenna kunye nendlela yokubala inzuzo ye-antenna, njl.
1. Umgaqo wokuzuza kwe-eriyali
Xa sithetha ngokwethiyori, ingeniso ye-eriyali ngumlinganiselo woxinaniso lwamandla ophawu oluveliswa yi-eriyali yokwenyani kunye neyona ndawo ifanelekileyo yomthombo we-eriyali kwindawo ethile esithubeni phantsi kwamandla afanayo.Ingqikelelo yomthombo we-antenna ikhankanywe apha.Ingaba yin?Ngapha koko, yi-eriyali abantu abacinga ukuba ikhupha imiqondiso ngokufanayo, kwaye ipateni yomqondiso wemitha yemitha yingqukuva esasazeke ngokufanayo.Ngapha koko, ii-eriyali zinezalathiso zokufumana ukusasazeka kwemitha (emva koku kubhekiselwa kuzo njengemiphezulu yemitha).Umqondiso kumphezulu wokusasazeka kwemitha uya kuba namandla ngaphezu kwexabiso lemitha ye-eriyali yomthombo wethiyori, ngelixa umqondiso wemitha yemitha kwamanye amacala ubuthathaka.Ukuthelekisa phakathi kwexabiso lokwenyani kunye nexabiso lethiyori apha kukuzuza kwe-eriyali.
Umfanekiso ubonisa iRM-SGHA42-10imodeli yemveliso Fumana idatha
Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba ii-eriyali ze-eriyali eziqhelekileyo ezibonwa ngabantu abaqhelekileyo azigcini nje ukwandisa amandla okuhambisa, kodwa zikwasebenzisa amandla okuhambisa.Isizathu sokuba isathathwa njengenzuzo kungenxa yokuba ezinye izikhokelo ziyabingelelwa, isalathiso semitha sigxininiswe, kwaye nesantya sokusetyenziswa komqondiso siyaphuculwa.
2. Ukubalwa kwenzuzo ye-eriyali
Inzuzo ye-eriyali eneneni imele iqondo lokugxilwa kwemitha yemitha yamandla angenazingcingo, ngoko inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nepateni yemitha ye-eriyali.Ukuqonda ngokubanzi kukuba ukuncipha kwe-lobe ephambili kwaye incinci i-lobe yecala kwipateni yemitha ye-eriyali, iphezulu inzuzo.Ke ubalwa njani inzuzo ye-eriyali?Kwi-antenna jikelele, ifomula G (dBi) = 10Lg {32000/ (2θ3dB, E × 2θ3dB, H)} ingasetyenziselwa ukuqikelela inzuzo yayo.ifomula,
I-2θ3dB, E kunye ne-2θ3dB, H bububanzi be-eriyali kwiinqwelo-moya ezimbini ngokulandelelanayo;I-32000 yidatha yeenkcukacha-manani.
Ke bekuya kuthetha ukuthini ukuba i-100mw ehambisa ngaphandle kwamacingo ixhotyiswe nge-eriyali enenzuzo ye +3dbi?Okokuqala, guqula amandla okuhambisa kwi-signal gain dbm.Indlela yokubala yile:
100mw=10lg100=20dbm
Emva koko ubale amandla okuhambisa ewonke, alingana nesixa samandla okuhambisa kunye nokufumana i-eriyali.Indlela yokubala imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
20dbm+3dbm=23dbm
Ekugqibeleni, amandla okuhambisa alinganayo abalwa kwakhona ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
10^ (23/10)≈200mw
Ngamanye amagama, i-eriyali ye-+3dbi inokuphinda kabini amandla okuhambisa alinganayo.
3. Ii-eriyali zenzuzo eqhelekileyo
Ii-eriyali zeerotha zethu eziqhelekileyo ezingenazingcingo zii-eriyali ze-omnidirectional.Umphezulu wayo wemitha kwinqwelomoya ethe tye kwi-eriyali, apho inzuzo ye-radiation inkulu, ngelixa i-radiation engaphezulu nangaphantsi kwe-eriyali ibuthathaka kakhulu.Kufana nokuthatha ilulwane lomqondiso kwaye ulicande kancinci.
Ukuzuza kwe-antenna "kukumila" nje komqondiso, kwaye ubungakanani benzuzo bubonisa izinga lokusetyenziswa komqondiso.
Kukho kwakhona i-eriyali yepleyiti eqhelekileyo, edla ngokuba yi-eriyali ekhokelayo.Umphezulu wayo wemitha kwindawo emise okwefeni ngqo phambi kwepleyiti, kwaye imiqondiso kwezinye iindawo ibuthathaka ngokupheleleyo.Kufana nokongeza isigqubuthelo sokukhanya kwibhalbhu yesibane.
Ngamafutshane, ii-eriyali zenzuzo ephezulu zinenzuzo yoluhlu olude kunye nomgangatho ongcono wesignali, kodwa kufuneka zincame ngemitha yemitha kwicala ngalinye (izalathiso ezidla ngokuchithwa).Ii-eriyali ezifumana ingeniso ephantsi ngokubanzi zinoluhlu olubanzi lwezalathiso kodwa uluhlu olufutshane.Xa iimveliso ezingenazingcingo ziphuma kumzi-mveliso, abavelisi bazilungiselela ngokubanzi ngokweemeko zokusetyenziswa.
Ndingathanda ukucebisa ezinye iimveliso ze-antenna ezinenzuzo entle kuye wonke umntu:
RM-BDHA056-11 (0.5-6GHz)
RM-DCPHA105145-20A (10.5-14.5GHz)
RM-SGHA28-10 (26.5-40GHz)
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-26-2024
