I-antenna gain ibhekisa kwi-radiated power gain ye-antenna kwicala elithile xa kuthelekiswa ne-antenna yomthombo wenqaku elifanelekileyo. Imele amandla e-radiation ye-antenna kwicala elithile, oko kukuthi, ukwamkelwa kwesignali okanye ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-antenna kuloo ndlela. Okukhona i-antenna gain iphezulu, kokukhona i-antenna isebenza ngcono kwicala elithile kwaye inokufumana okanye idlulise imiqondiso ngokufanelekileyo. I-antenna gain idla ngokubonakaliswa kwi-decibels (dB) kwaye yenye yeempawu ezibalulekileyo zokuvavanya ukusebenza kwe-antenna.
Okulandelayo, ndiza kukuthatha ukuze uqonde imigaqo esisiseko yokufumana i-antenna kunye nendlela yokubala ukufumana i-antenna, njl.
1. Umgaqo wokufumana i-antenna
Ngokwethiyori, i-antenna gain yi-ratio yamandla esignali aveliswa yi-antenna yokwenyani kunye ne-antenna yomthombo wenqaku elifanelekileyo kwindawo ethile kwindawo ephantsi kwamandla okufaka afanayo. Ingcamango ye-antenna yomthombo wenqaku ikhankanyiwe apha. Yintoni? Enyanisweni, yi-antenna abantu abayicingayo ukuba ikhupha imiqondiso ngokulinganayo, kwaye ipateni yayo yemitha yesignali yi-sphere esasazeke ngokulinganayo. Enyanisweni, ii-antenna zinezikhokelo zokufumana imitha (eza kubizwa ngokuba yimiphezulu yemitha). Isignali kumphezulu wemitha iya kuba namandla kunexabiso lemitha ye-antenna yomthombo wenqaku, ngelixa imitha yesignali kwezinye iindlela ibuthathaka. Uthelekiso phakathi kwexabiso lokwenyani kunye nexabiso lethiyori apha kukufumana i-antenna.
Umfanekiso ubonisaRM-SGHA42-10imodeli yemveliso Fumana idatha
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ii-antenna ezingasebenziyo ezibonwa ngabantu abaqhelekileyo azigcini nje ngokwandisa amandla othumelo, kodwa zikwasebenzisa amandla othumelo. Isizathu sokuba isathathwa njengenenzuzo kukuba ezinye iindlela ziyalahleka, indlela yokukhanya ixinene, kwaye izinga lokusetyenziswa kwesignali liyaphucuka.
2. Ukubalwa kokuzuza kwe-antenna
Ukwanda kwe-antenna ngokwenene kumela inqanaba lemitha egxininisiweyo yamandla angenazingcingo, ngoko ke kunxulumene kakhulu nepateni yemitha ye-antenna. Ukuqonda ngokubanzi kukuba okukhona i-lobe ephambili incinci kwaye i-side lobe incinci kwipateni yemitha ye-antenna, kokukhona i-gain iphezulu. Ngoko ke ungayibala njani i-antenna gain? Kwi-antenna ngokubanzi, ifomyula G (dBi) = 10Lg {32000/(2θ3dB, E × 2θ3dB, H)} ingasetyenziselwa ukuqikelela i-gain yayo. ifomula,
I-2θ3dB, E kunye ne-2θ3dB, i-H bububanzi bemitha ye-antenna kwiindiza ezimbini eziphambili ngokulandelelana; i-32000 yidatha yezibalo eqinisekisiweyo.
Ngoko ke, kuya kuthetha ukuthini ukuba i-transmitter engenazingcingo ye-100mw ixhotyiswe nge-antenna efumana i-+3dbi? Okokuqala, guqula amandla okudlulisa abe yi-signal gain dbm. Indlela yokubala yile:
100mw=10lg100=20dbm
Emva koko bala amandla okudlulisa apheleleyo, alingana nesixa samandla okudlulisa kunye nokwanda kwe-antenna. Indlela yokubala yile ilandelayo:
20dbm+3dbm=23dbm
Okokugqibela, amandla okudlulisa alinganayo abalwa kwakhona ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
10^（23/10） ≈200mw
Ngamanye amazwi, i-antenna ye-+3dbi gain ingaphinda kabini amandla okudlulisa alinganayo.
3. Ii-antenna eziqhelekileyo
Ii-antenna zee-routers zethu eziqhelekileyo ezingenazingcingo zii-antenna ezijikelezayo. Umphezulu wayo wemitha umi kwindawo ethe tye ethe nkqo kwi-antenna, apho ukwanda kwemitha kukhulu khona, ngelixa imitha engaphezulu nangaphantsi kwezantsi kwe-antenna ibuthathaka kakhulu. Kufana nokuthatha i-signal bat uze uyicande kancinci.
Ukwanda kwe-antenna "kukuyila" nje kwesignali, kwaye ubungakanani bokwanda bubonisa izinga lokusetyenziswa kwesignali.
Kukwakho ne-antenna yepleyiti eqhelekileyo, edla ngokuba yi-antenna ebhekisa kwicala. Umphezulu wayo wemitha ukwindawo efana nefeni ngqo phambi kwepleyiti, kwaye imiqondiso kwezinye iindawo ibuthathaka ngokupheleleyo. Kufana nokongeza isigqubuthelo sokukhanya kwibhalbhu yokukhanya.
Ngamafutshane, ii-antenna ezifumana isandi esiphakamileyo zineengenelo zokuba zide kakhulu kwaye zinomgangatho ongcono wesignali, kodwa kufuneka zilahle imitha kwicala ngalinye (ngesiqhelo zichithakala). Ii-antenna ezifumana isandi esiphantsi zihlala zinoluhlu olukhulu kodwa zinoluhlu olufutshane. Xa iimveliso ezingenazingcingo ziphuma kwifektri, abavelisi ngokubanzi bazilungiselela ngokweemeko zokusetyenziswa.
Ndingathanda ukucebisa ezinye iimveliso ze-antenna ezinenzuzo entle kuwo wonke umntu:
RM-BDHA056-11 (0.5-6GHz)
RM-DCPHA105145-20A（10.5-14.5GHz）
RM-SGHA28-10 （26.5-40GHz）
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-26-2024
