Yintoni i-Antenna yeLoop?
I-antenna yeluphu yenziwa ngokuhlela into enye okanye ezingaphezulu eziqhubayo kwindlela evaliweyo kwaye zondle isakhiwo ngesignali ye-RF. Iluphu inokuba yingqukuva, isikwere, uxande, unxantathu, i-elliptical, okanye yenziwe ngendlela eyahlukileyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zoomatshini nezombane.
Ngokungafaniyo ne-antenna ye-dipole eqhelekileyo, enxulunyaniswa kakhulu ne-element yombane, i-loop encinci yombane isebenza njenge-dipole ye-magnetic. Ukusebenza kwayo kunxulumene kakhulu nenxalenye ye-magnetic-field ye-electromagnetic wave, okwenza ii-antenna ze-loop zibe luncedo ngakumbi ekwamkeleni, ekufumaneni ulwalathiso, ekuqondeni i-near-field, kwi-RFID, nakwiinkqubo zokulinganisa i-electromagnetic.
Ii-antenna ze-loop azikhawulelwanga kuluhlu olunye lwe-frequency. Ubuninzi bazo bokusebenza buxhomekeke kububanzi be-loop ngokumalunga nobude be-wavelength, inani lee-turns, ubukhulu be-conductor, izinto zokulayisha, ulwakhiwo lwe-feed, kunye nendawo yokufakela ejikelezileyo. Uyilo lwe-loop ke ngoko lunokufumaneka kwiinkqubo zokwamkela i-frequency ephantsi ukuya kwi-UHF kunye nezicelo ze-microwave.
Ulwakhiwo oluSisiseko kunye noMgaqo-siseko wokuSebenza
Xa umsinga we-RF ujikeleza iluphu eqhubayo, uvelisa intsimi yemagnethi ethe nkqo kwiplani yeluphu. Ekusetyenzisweni kwayo, intsimi yemagnethi etshintshayo edlula kwiluphu ibangela i-voltage kwiiterminal zayo.
Amandla esignali efunyenweyo axhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:
Indawo yeluphu
Inani leenguqu
Isantya sokusebenza
Uqhelaniso oluhambelana nentsimi engenayo
Ukumelana nomqhubi
Ukulungisa kunye nokudibanisa inethiwekhi
Izikhuselo kunye nezakhiwo zesinyithi ezikufutshane
Kwiluphu encinci yombane, ubukhulu bangoku kunye nesigaba zinokuphathwa njengento efanayo ejikeleze umqhubi. Olu qikelelo aluchaneki kangako njengoko umjikelo usanda. Kwiluphu enkulu evakalayo, usasazo lwangoku luyahluka kakhulu kwisakhiwo kwaye luvelisa iimpawu zemitha ezahlukileyo kwezo zeluphu encinci yemagnethi.
Ii-Antennas ezincinci zeLoop
I-antenna encinci ejikelezayo inomda omncinci kakhulu kunomda wobude bomsebenzi. Uqikelelo lobunjineli olusetyenziswa rhoqo lulandelayo:
C≤0.1λ
apho u-C lujikelezo olujikelezayo kwaye u-λ lubude bexesha.
Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo bombane obuncinci, iluphu encinci ngokubanzi inokumelana okuphantsi kwemitha. Ukulahleka komqhubi kusenokuba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokumelana kwayo konke kokufaka, okunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwemitha xa i-antenna isetyenziselwa ukudlulisa.
Iiluphu ezincinci nazo zinamandla kakhulu okungenisa kwaye zihlala zifuna i-tuning capacitor okanye inethiwekhi yokufanisa. Xa zilungiswe kwi-resonance, zinokubonelela ngobuchule bokufumana, kodwa umgangatho wazo ophezulu unokubangela i-bandwidth yokusebenza encinci.
Ezi mpawu azenzi ii-antenna ezincinci zibe nzima. Endaweni yoko, zizenza zifaneleke ngakumbi kwiindawo apho ubungakanani obuncinci, impendulo ye-magnetic-field, ii-directional nulls, okanye ukukhetha i-narrowband kubaluleke ngakumbi kunokusebenza kakuhle kwemitha ephezulu.
Ii-Antennas ezinkulu zeLoop
Iluphu enkulu, ngamanye amaxesha ebizwa ngokuba yiluphu ejikelezayo, inomphetho ongasancinci ngombane. Uyilo oluqhelekileyo lusebenzisa umphetho osondele kubude bomphezulu omnye:
C≈λ
Kule meko, umbane awufani ujikeleze iluphu. Ubungakanani bawo kunye notshintsho lwesigaba ecaleni komqhubi, nto leyo evelisa usasazo oluntsonkothileyo lwentsimi.
Xa kuthelekiswa neeluphu ezincinci zombane, iiluphu ezijikelezayo zihlala zibonelela ngokumelana okuphezulu kwemisebe kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokudlulisa. Zingasetyenziswa njengee-antenna ezithumela okanye ezamkelayo, nangona i-impedance yazo, i-polarisation kunye nepatheni yemitha ixhomekeke kakhulu kumjikelezo, imo, indawo yokutya kunye nendawo yokufakela.
Iiluphu ezijikelezayo nezisikwere ezigcwele amaza zizinto eziqhelekileyo. Iluphu yesikwere inokuba lula ukuyenza nokuyifakela, ngelixa iluphu ejikelezayo inika ijiyometri egudileyo nelinganayo. Xa zombini zinomjikelezo wombane ofanayo, ukusebenza kwazo ngokubanzi kunokufana, nangona iimpawu ze-impedance kunye nepateni ziya kwahluka.
Umfanekiso 1. Imizekelo yoqwalaselo lwe-antenna olujikelezayo nolwesikwere.
Ipatheni yoMbane
Ipatheni yemitha yeluphu encinci yombane ifana neye-dipole yemagnethi efanelekileyo. Imitha incinci ecaleni kwe-axis ethe nkqo kwi-loop plane kwaye inamandla kakhulu kwiindlela ezilele malunga ne-loop plane.
Ngokwemilinganiselo emithathu, ipateni ecwangcisiweyo ifana ne-torus ejikeleze i-axis ye-loop. Xa i-loop encinci ifakwe ngokuthe nkqo, impendulo yayo ethe tye idla ngokuba nomfanekiso-wesibhozo, kunye nee-nulls ezimbini ezinzulu eziqhelekileyo kwi-loop plane.
Ezi nulls ziluncedo ekufumaneni indlela kunye nokuthintela ukuphazamiseka. Ngokujikelezisa i-antenna ide ifike kwisignali efunyenweyo ifikelele ubuncinane, umqhubi unokumisela umgca webhereyitha oya okanye osuka kumthombo wesignali.
Icala lempendulo ephezulu, ubunzulu obungenanto kunye ne-polarization zixhomekeke kwindlela i-loop orientation ngayo, ulungiselelo lwe-feed, ukuphakama kofakelo, i-conductor geometry kunye nezakhiwo ezikufutshane. Ngoko ke i-polarization akufuneki ichazwe kuphela ngokwendawo yendawo ye-feed.
Umfanekiso 2. Iipateni zemitha ezibonisa i-antenna ejikelezayo kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo zokuphakama.
Ukondla, Ukulungisa kunye nokuThathaniswa kwe-Impedance
Ukuphazamiseka kokungena kwe-antenna ye-loop kuxhomekeke kakhulu kubukhulu bayo bombane.
Iluphu encinci idla ngokuba ne-inductive reactance kunye ne-low radiation resistance. I-variable okanye i-fixed capacitor inokudityaniswa ukuze yenze i-resonant circuit kwi-frequency efunekayo. I-transformer coupling, i-gamma matching, i-capacitive coupling okanye ii-active amplifier circuits nazo zingasetyenziselwa ukudibanisa i-antenna ne-receiver okanye inkqubo ye-RF ye-50-ohm.
Kwizicelo zokudlulisa, ukulahleka komqhubi, ukulahleka kwe-capacitor kunye nokukwazi ukuphatha umbane kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngononophelo. Umbane ojikelezayo ophezulu unokwenzeka kwi-loop elungisiweyo nokuba amandla okufaka abonakala ephakathi.
Iiluphu ezinkulu ze-resonant zinokumelana okukhulu nemisebe kodwa zisafuna indawo efanelekileyo yokutya kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-impedance. Ukutya okulinganayo okanye i-balun kunokufuneka ukuthintela intambo yokutya ekubeni yinxalenye yenkqubo ye-radiation.
Imilo yeLoop kunye neNani leeJiko
I-antenna ejikelezayo akufuneki ibe ngqukuva ngokugqibeleleyo. Iingqukuva ezijikelezayo, ezisikwere nezingxande zezona zixhaphakileyo kuba kulula ukuzibala nokuyenza.
Ukongeza ii-turns ezininzi kwandisa i-voltage yokufumana kunye ne-inductance ebangelwayo. Nangona kunjalo, kwandisa ilahleko yomqhubi, i-distributed capacitance kunye ne-self-resonance effects. Ii-turns ezininzi azivelisi ngokuzenzekelayo ukusebenza ngcono kwe-broadband.
Iintonga zeFerrite okanye ii-magnetic cores zihlala zisetyenziswa kwi-compact MF kunye ne-AM receiving antennas. Izinto zemagnethi zigxila kwi-magnetic flux kwi-winding, zivumela isakhiwo esincinci ngokwasemzimbeni ukuba sinike uvakalelo oluluncedo lokwamkela.
Kwiifrikhwensi eziphezulu, ii-loops eziprintiweyo, ii-microstrip loops kunye nezakhiwo ze-loop ezidibeneyo zinokwenziwa ngokuthe ngqo kwiibhodi zesekethe ze-RFID, i-wireless sensing, ii-terminals zonxibelelwano kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa i-RF.
Iingenelo zeLoop Antennas
Ii-antenna ze-Loop zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi ezisebenzayo:
- Ulwakhiwo oluncinci loomatshini
- Iifom ezininzi ezinokwenzeka kunye neefomathi zokufakela
- Uvakalelo oluluncedo lwe-magnetic-field
- Ii-nulls ezinzulu zendlela kwiindlela ezincinci zoyilo
- Ifanelekile ekufumaneni indlela kunye nokwaliwa kokuphazamiseka
- Ukudibanisa okulula nokulungiswa kunye neesekethe ezisebenzayo
- Ingalinganiswa kwiindlela zoyilo ze-LF, HF, VHF, UHF kunye ne-microwave
Imida yoYilo
Imida ebalulekileyo ibandakanya:
- Ukumelana nemitha ephantsi kwiindlela ezincinci zombane
- Ukunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokudlulisa xa ilahleko yomqhubi ibalulekile
- I-bandwidth encinci kwiiluphu ezilungisiweyo ze-Q ephezulu
- Uvakalelo kwizinto zesinyithi ezikufutshane
- Umbane kunye nombane ojikelezayo onokuba phezulu
- Imfuneko yokulinganisa ngononophelo ukuvimba
- Ukuphazamiseka kwepateni okubangelwa ziintambo zokutya kunye nezakhiwo zokufakela
Izicelo eziqhelekileyo
Ii-antenna ze-Loop zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi:
- I-AM, i-MF, i-HF kunye nezamkeli ze-shortwave
- Izixhobo zokufumana indlela kwirediyo
- Iinkqubo zonxibelelwano ze-RFID kunye ne-close-field
- Ukulinganiswa kwe-EMI kunye ne-EMC magnetic-field
- Ukubeka iliso kwi-spectrum kunye novavanyo lwamandla entsimi
- Unxibelelwano oluqhubayo kunye neenkqubo zamandla ezingenazingcingo
- Amaqonga okwamkela aphathwayo naxhonywe kwizithuthi
- Iisekethe ze-RF eziprintiweyo kunye ne-microwave
- Uphando lwee-antenna, ukulinganiswa kunye nokulinganiswa
Kwi-EMI kunye nokulinganisa amandla entsimi, ii-antenna ze-calibrated loop ziluncedo ngakumbi xa icandelo le-magnetic-field le-RF environment kufuneka livavanywe. Kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano kunye nokubeka esweni, ii-directional nulls zazo zinokunceda ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka okanye ukuchonga icala lesignali engaziwayo.
Ukubaluleka koBunjineli
Ii-antenna ezijikelezayo zibonisa indlela ubungakanani bombane, usasazo lwangoku, uqhagamshelo lwe-magnetic-field kunye nokuhambelana kwe-impedance okuphembelela ngayo ukusebenza kwe-antenna.
Iluphu efanayo ngokwasemzimbeni inokusebenza njenge-antenna efumana i-magnetic compact, i-narrowband resonant sensor, i-antenna ethumela amaza apheleleyo okanye i-near-field coupling element, kuxhomekeke kumjikelezo wayo kunye nobuninzi bokusebenza.
I-RF MISO ibonelela ngezisombululo ze-antenna kunye ne-microwave zovavanyo lwe-RF, unxibelelwano, i-radar, ukulinganisa i-antenna kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwenkqubo. Ukuqonda izakhiwo ezisisiseko ezifana ne-antenna ye-loop kunceda iinjineli ukuba zivavanye uluhlu lwefrikhwensi, i-gain, i-polarization, i-impedance, i-bandwidth, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemitha kunye nempendulo yesikhokelo xa kukhethwa okanye kuphuhliswa inkqubo ye-antenna.
Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi ngee-antenna, nceda undwendwele:
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-31-2026
