Yintoni i-Antenna yeHelical?
I-antenna ye-helical, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-antenna ye-helix, yi-antenna ye-wire eyenziwe ngokubhijela i-wire conductive okanye ityhubhu kwi-helix enemilinganiselo emithathu. Isiphelo esinye se-helix sihlala siqhagamshelwe kumqhubi ophakathi womgca wokuphakelwa, ngelixa umqhubi ongaphandle eqhagamshelwe kwiplani yomhlaba yesinyithi okanye i-reflector.
I-geometry yayo eyahlukileyo ivumela i-antenna ukuba isebenze ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zemitha ngokuxhomekeke kubudlelwane phakathi kobukhulu be-helix kunye nobude bomda osebenzayo.
Phakathi kwezi ndlela,imo ye-axialIbaluleke kakhulu kwi-RF nakwi-microwave engineering kuba inokubonelela ngemitha ebhekisa kwicala, i-bandwidth ebanzi, kunye ne-circular polarization. Ezi mpawu zenza ii-antenna ze-helical zibe luncedo kwiikhonkco zesathelayithi, i-telemetry, ukulandelela, unxibelelwano lwesithuba, i-radio astronomy, kunye nezinye iinkqubo apho ulwalathiso lwe-antenna lunokutshintsha khona.
I-frequency yokusebenza kwe-antenna ye-helical ayikhawulelwanga kwibhendi enye esisigxina. Endaweni yoko, imiselwa ikakhulu bubungakanani bayo obuphathekayo ngokumalunga nobude bomda. Izakhiwo ze-helical ke ngoko zinokuyilwa kwiinkqubo ze-VHF kunye ne-UHF kunye nezicelo ze-RF kunye ne-microwave ezisebenzisa i-frequency ephezulu.
Umfanekiso 1. Umzekelo wee-antenna ezijikelezayo ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yonxibelelwano oluya kwicala elithile.
Ulwakhiwo oluSisiseko lwe-Antenna yeHelical
I-antenna eqhelekileyo ye-helical ineenxalenye ezine eziphambili:
- Umqhubi weHelical
- Iplani esezantsi okanye i-reflector
- Indawo yokuphakelwa kweRF
- Isakhiwo senkxaso yoomatshini
I-helix idla ngokwenziwa ngocingo lobhedu, ityhubhu, okanye enye into eqhuba umbane. Elinye icala liqhagamshelwe kumqhubi ophakathi womgca wokudlulisela i-coaxial, ngelixa umqhubi ongaphandle we-coaxial eqhagamshelwe ngombane kwiplanethi yomhlaba.
I-plane esemhlabeni inceda ukulawula ulwalathiso lwemitha kwaye isebenza njengenxalenye yesakhiwo sokondla i-antenna. Kwiindlela zoyilo ezisebenzayo, ubukhulu bayo bunokuchaphazela kakhulu i-impedance, ukusebenza ukusuka ngaphambili ukuya ngasemva, kunye nepateni yemitha ephumayo.
Iiparameter ezininzi zejometri zimisela indlela esebenza ngayo i-antenna yombane:
- Ububanzi be-D — Helix
- C — Ukujikeleza kokujika kube kanye
- S — Isithuba phakathi kweejika ezikufutshane
- N — Inani leenguqu
- α — I-engile yephimbo
- L — Ubude obupheleleyo be-axial
Umjikelezo ngu:
[C=\pi D]
I-angle yepitch ingachazwa ngolu hlobo:
[\alpha=\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{S}{\pi D}\right)]
Ezi parameters azinakuqwalaselwa ngokwazo kuba ukutshintsha ubukhulu obunye kutshintsha i-impedance ye-antenna, i-polarization, i-beamwidth, i-gain, kunye ne-operating frequency.
Umfanekiso 2. Ulwakhiwo oluqhelekileyo lwe-antenna ye-helical ene-helix conductor kunye ne-ground-plane reflector.
Iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokukhanya kwelanga
Enye yezona mpawu zinomdla ze-antenna ejikelezayo kukuba isakhiwo esifanayo esisisiseko sinokuvelisa iipateni zemitha ezahlukeneyo kakhulu kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bayo bombane.
Iindlela ezimbini zokusebenza ezixutyushwa rhoqo zezi:
- Imo eqhelekileyo
- Imo ye-Axial
Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezi ndlela zimbini kubalulekile xa ukhetha okanye uyila i-antenna ejikelezayo.
I-Antenna yeHelical yeMode eqhelekileyo
In imo eqhelekileyo, ububanzi kunye nendawo yonke ye-helix zincinci ngombane xa zithelekiswa nobude be-wavelength.
Imitha ijoliswe kakhulu malunga ne-axis ye-helix endaweni yokuba ihambe ecaleni kwayo. Indlela esebenza ngayo i-electromagnetic inokuqondwa njengendibaniselwano yamasimi aveliswa yi-dipole emfutshane yombane kunye ne-loop encinci.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwi-helix geometry, i-pitch angle, i-feed arrangement, kunye ne-observation direction, i-polarization ephumayo inokuba yi-linear, i-elliptical, okanye kwiindlela ezithile ezikufutshane ne-circular.
Iihelice zemowudi eqhelekileyo zihlala zincinci, kodwa ubukhulu bazo obuncinci bombane bubangela ukuba ukumelana nemisebe kube kuncinci. Oku kunokukhokelela ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwemisebe kunye ne-bandwidth encinci kunoyilo lwemowudi ye-axial.
Ngoko ke ziluncedo xa ubungakanani be-antenna bungumqobo omkhulu kwaye akufuneki nzuzo ephezulu kakhulu.
Umfanekiso 3. Ipatheni yokukhanya ebonisa i-antenna ye-helical yemo yesiqhelo.
I-Antenna yeHelical yeMode ye-Axial
Iimo ye-axial, ngamanye amaxesha ebizwa ngokuba yi-end-fire mode, yindlela esetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-antenna ze-helical ezisebenza kakhulu.
Kule ndlela, amandla e-electromagnetic akhutshwa ikakhulu kwi-axis ye-helix, enza umqadi wecala.
Uyilo oluqhelekileyo lwe-axial-mode lusebenzisa i-helix circumference ephantse ifane ne-wavelength enye:
[C \malunga \lambda]
Isithuba sokujika sidla ngokuba:
[S \malunga ne-0.2\lambda \text{ ukuya } 0.3\lambda]
apho isithuba esiqhelekileyo sokuqala simalunga nekota yobude bomda.
Kwiindlela ezininzi zesiqhelo zoyilo lwe-axial-mode, ii-pitch angles ezijikeleze i-12°–14° zisetyenziswa rhoqo.
Phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo zejometri, amasimi aveliswa kukujikeleza okulandelelanayo adibana ngokwakhayo kwi-axis ye-helix. Oku kuvelisa umqadi obhekisa kwicala kunye ne-polarization ejikelezayo okanye ephantse ijikeleze.
Inani leenguqu likwachaphazela ukusebenza kwe-antenna. Ukwandisa inani leenguqu ngokubanzi kunokunyusa ulwalathiso kunye nokwanda ngelixa kuncitshiswa umqadi oyintloko, nangona uyilo olusebenzayo kufuneka luqwalasele ubude boomatshini, ukulahleka komqhubi, ukuhambelana kwe-impedance, kunye nemida yokufakela.
Umfanekiso 4. Ipatheni yemitha ye-antenna ye-helical ebonisa i-axial-mode ene-beam ephambili ebhekisa kwicala.
I-Polarization Ejikelezayo Yesandla Sasekunene Nesasekhohlo
Enye yezona nzuzo ziphambili ze-antenna ye-helical ye-axial-mode kukukwazi kwayo kwendalo ukuvelisa i-circular polarization.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwicala elijikajikayo kunye necala lemitha, i-helix ingayilwa ukuvelisa nokuba:
- I-RHCP — I-Polarization Ejikelezayo Yesandla Sasekunene
- I-LHCP — Ukwahlulahlula okujikelezayo kwesandla sasekhohlo
I-circular polarization iluncedo ngakumbi xa ulungelelwaniso oluhambelanayo phakathi kwee-antenna ezithumelayo nezamkelayo lungenakuhlala luzinzile.
Umzekelo, iisathelayithi, iinqanawa zasemoyeni, amaqonga ahamba emoyeni, iinkqubo ezijikelezayo, kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano eziphathwayo zinokutshintsha rhoqo indlela ezijongwa ngayo izinto. I-antenna ejikelezileyo ejikelezayo inokunciphisa uvakalelo lwekhonkco lonxibelelwano kolu tshintsho lwe-angular.
Ukuhambelana kwe-polarization kusabalulekile. I-antenna ye-RHCP ifanelekile ukuba inxibelelane ne-antenna ye-RHCP, ngelixa i-antenna ye-LHCP kufuneka idityaniswe ne-antenna ye-LHCP. Ii-polarizations ezijikelezileyo ezichaseneyo zinokubangela ilahleko enkulu ye-polarization.
Uvavanyo lobunjineli,umlinganiselo we-axialisetyenziswa rhoqo ukuchaza umgangatho we-circular-polarization. I-circularly polarized wave efanelekileyo inomlinganiselo we-axial we-0 dB, ngelixa ii-antennas ezijikelezayo ezijikelezayo ezisetyenziswayo zihlala zivavanywa ngokuchasene nemfuneko ethile ye-axial-ratio kuyo yonke i-frequency efunekayo kunye nobubanzi be-angular.
Izinto ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwe-Helical Antenna
Indlela esebenza ngayo i-antenna ejikelezayo inxulumene kakhulu nejometri yayo.
Iiparamitha ezibalulekileyo zoyilo ziquka:
Ukujikeleza kweHelix
Ubudlelwane phakathi komjikelezo kunye nobude bomda budlala indima enkulu ekumiseleni ukuba i-antenna isebenza kwimo yesiqhelo okanye kwimo ye-axial.
Ukujika isithuba
Ukwahluka kwesithuba kuchaphazela ubudlelwane besigaba phakathi kwemisinga ejikelezileyo kwaye ke ngoko inefuthe kwicala lemitha, i-impedance, kunye ne-polarisation.
I-Angle yePitch
I-angle yepitch ichaza indlela i-helix ehamba ngayo ngokukhawuleza kwi-axis yayo. Yiparameter ebalulekileyo yokugcina ukuziphatha okuzinzileyo kwe-axial-mode.
Inani leeJiko
Ukujika okuninzi kudla ngokunyusa ukuvuleka kombane kwaye kunokubonelela ngesikhokelo esiphezulu, kodwa kwandisa ubude be-antenna kunye nobunzima boomatshini.
Inqwelo-moya esemhlabeni
Ubungakanani kunye nokuma kwesibonisi kuchaphazela ipateni yemitha yokuya phambili, i-impedance, kunye nemitha yokuya ngasemva.
Ukufanisa ukutya kunye ne-Impedance
Nokuba kulinganiswe ubungakanani obuchanekileyo be-helix, ukungalingani kwe-impedance okungalunganga kunokunyusa amandla abonakalisiweyo kwaye kunciphise ukusebenza kwe-antenna okufezekisiweyo. Ngoko ke uyilo olusebenzayo kufuneka luvavanye ilahleko yokubuya okanye i-VSWR kunye neempawu zemitha.
Ipatheni kunye noKuzuza kweMisebe
Kwimo ye-axial, i-antenna ye-helical ivelisa umqadi ophambili ojikeleze malunga ne-axis ye-helix.
Njengoko ubude bombane kunye nenani leenguqu lisanda, umqadi oyintloko uhlala uncipha kwaye i-antenna directionactivity iyanda. Ii-side lobes nazo zinokuvela, ingakumbi kwizakhiwo ezinde okanye ezingalungiswanga.
Ngoko ke i-antenna akufuneki ihlolwe ngokwenzuzo yodwa. Iinjineli zihlala ziqwalasela iimpawu ezininzi kunye:
- Inzuzo
- Inzuzo efezekisiweyo
- Ububanzi bemitha yesiqingatha samandla
- Umlinganiselo we-Axial
- I-VSWR okanye ilahleko yokubuyisela
- Umlinganiselo wangaphambili nongasemva
- Inqanaba le-side-lobe
- Ubumsulwa be-polarisation
- Ukusebenza kakuhle kwemisebe
Olu dibaniso lweeparameter lubonelela ngomfanekiso opheleleyo ngakumbi wokusebenza kwe-antenna kunexabiso elinye lokuzuza.
Iingenelo ze-Helical Antennas
Ii-antenna ze-Helical zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi zobunjineli eziluncedo:
- Ulwakhiwo olulula kakhulu loomatshini
- Ubuchule bendalo bokujikeleza-ukuphola kwimo ye-axial
- I-bandwidth yokusebenza eluncedo
- Ukusebenza kakuhle kwesikhokelo
- Ijometri enokukhuliswa kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zefrikhwensi
- Ukuphunyezwa kwe-RHCP okanye i-LHCP eguquguqukayo
- Ifanelekile kwii-antennas ezahlukeneyo okanye ii-antenna arrays
Imida yoYilo
Kukwakho nezinto ezininzi ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe:
- Uyilo lwe-Axial-mode lunokufuna ubude obubonakalayo
- Ukwanda okuphezulu kudla ngokufuna ukujika okungakumbi kwaye ke ngoko i-antenna ende
- Ukusebenza kuxhomekeke kakhulu ekuchanekeni kwejometri
- Ubukhulu beplanethi esemhlabeni buchaphazela iimpawu zemitha
- Ukufaniswa kokutya kufuneka kuyilwe ngendlela efanelekileyo
- Inkxaso yoomatshini ibaluleka ngakumbi xa inani lamathuba liphezulu
- Iimvakalelo ezichaseneyo ze-circular-polarization zinokubangela ilahleko ephezulu yokungafani kwe-polarization
Izicelo eziqhelekileyo
Ii-antenna ze-Helical zinokufumaneka kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-RF, kuquka:
- Unxibelelwano lwesathelayithi
- Ukulandelela kunye nokulandelela izinto zasemoyeni
- Unxibelelwano lwesitishi esisezantsi
- Isayensi yeenkwenkwezi yerediyo
- Iinkqubo zonxibelelwano oluqhutywa emoyeni nakwinqwelo-moya
- I-RF telemetry
- Iikhonkco ze-VHF kunye ne-UHF ezikhokelayo
- Ukuqonda okukude
- Ukulinganiswa kunye nophando lwe-antenna
- Uvavanyo lwe-circular-polarisation
- Uvavanyo lwenkqubo yonxibelelwano
Kutheni ii-Antennas zeHelical zibalulekile kwi-RF Engineering
I-antenna ejikelezayo ngumzekelo obalaseleyo wendlela i-antenna geometry elawula ngayo ukuziphatha kwe-electromagnetic.
Ngokutshintsha iiparameters ezifana nokujikeleza, isithuba, i-pitch angle, kunye nenani lokujika, iinjineli zinokusuka kwi-radiator encinci ebanzi ukuya kwi-antenna ejikelezileyo ejikelezayo.
Olu lwalamano phakathi kwejiyometri ebonakalayo kunye nokusebenza kombane lubalulekile xa kufundwa ubuchwepheshe be-antenna obuphucukileyo ngakumbi njengee-antenna ze-horn ezijikelezileyo, ii-antenna arrays, ii-antenna zesathelayithi, ii-antenna zokulinganisa i-broadband, kunye neenkqubo zonxibelelwano lwe-microwave.
I-RF MISO iphuhlisa ii-antenna kunye nezinto ze-microwave zovavanyo lwe-RF, unxibelelwano, i-radar, ukulinganisa ii-antenna, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokudibanisa. Ukuqonda izakhiwo ze-antenna ezisisiseko ezifana ne-antenna ye-helical kunceda iinjineli ukuba ziphonononge ngcono iiparameter ezibalulekileyo kubandakanya uluhlu lwefrikhwensi, i-gain, i-polarization, i-axial ratio, i-beamwidth, i-VSWR, kunye nephethini yemitha.
Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi ngee-antenna, nceda undwendwele:
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-07-2026
