Ii-antenna zocingo zezinye zezona ntlobo ziphambili zee-antenna. Ziyaziwa kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Ukuze siziqonde ngcono ii-antenna zocingo, masiqale sijonge umgca wothumelo.
Umgca woThumelo
Intambo yothumelo, okanye ucingo, ithwala amandla ombane ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye. Ukuba zombini iziphelo zomgca wothumelo ziqhagamshelwe kwiisekethe, ulwazi lunokudluliselwa okanye lufunyanwe phakathi kweesekethe ezimbini ngale ntambo.
Ukuba elinye icala lentambo lishiywe livuliwe, amandla ombane aya kuzama ukuphuma. Oku kukhokelela kunxibelelwano olungenazingcingo. Ukuba isiphelo sentambo sigobile, amandla aya kuphuma kumgca wothumelo ngokufanelekileyo kunangaphambili. Olu phumo lujoliswe ekuphumeni lubizwa ngokuba yimitha.
Ukuze kufezekiswe imitha esebenzayo, i-impedance ekwisiphelo esivulekileyo somgca wothumelo kufuneka ihambelane ne-impedance yendawo ekhululekileyo. Cinga ngomgca wothumelo onobude obuyikota enye yobude bomphezulu. Isiphelo sawo esikude sishiywe sivulekile kwaye sigobile, ngaloo ndlela sibonisa i-impedance ephezulu. Olu lwakhiwo lwenza i-antenna ye-dipole yesiqingatha samaza. Ngelixa isiphelo se-feed somgca wothumelo sine-impedance ephantsi, i-impedance ephezulu ekwisiphelo esivulekileyo ihambelana ne-impedance yendawo ekhululekileyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ukusebenza kwemitha kuphuculwe.
I-Dipole
Xa amandla ekhutshwa ngocingo olugobileyo, isiphelo somgca wothumelo sibizwa ngokuba yi-dipole okanye i-dipole antenna.
I-reactance ye-input impedance ngumsebenzi we-radius kunye nobude be-dipole. Okukhona i-radius incinci, kokukhona inkulu i-reactance, kwaye i-reactance ihambelana nobude be-wavelength. Ke ngoko, ubude kunye ne-radius ye-dipole kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Ngokwesiqhelo, i-impedance ye-antenna ye-dipole imalunga ne-72 Ω.
Umfanekiso ongezantsi unceda ekucaciseni le ngcamango ngokucacileyo.
Lo mfanekiso ubonisa umzobo wesekethe we-dipole elula eqhagamshelwe kumgca wothumelo. Kwi-antenna ye-dipole, umbane uphezulu embindini kwaye wehla uye kwi-zero eziphelweni, ngelixa i-voltage incinci embindini kwaye inyuka iye phezulu eziphelweni.
Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zee-antenna zentambo ziquka: i-antenna ye-half-wave dipole, i-antenna ye-half-wave dipole folded, i-antenna ye-full-wave dipole, i-antenna ye-short dipole, kunye ne-antenna ye-infinitesimal dipole. Zonke ezi ntlobo zee-antenna ziya kuxoxwa ngazo kwizahluko ezilandelayo.
Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi ngee-antenna, nceda undwendwele:
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-29-2026
