Emva kwengxoxo ngeeparameters ze-antenna ezisisiseko kwisahluko esidlulileyo, esinye isihloko esibalulekileyo ekufuneka siqwalaselwe yimimandla ye-antenna ekufutshane nentsimi kunye nentsimi ekude.
Ubungakanani bemitha elinganiswe kufutshane ne-antenna buhlukile kobo bulinganiswe kumgama. Nangona ummandla okude ukude ne-antenna, usathathwa njengommandla osebenzayo kuba ubuninzi bemitha buhlala buphezulu.
Ummandla Okufutshane Nentsimi
Ummandla ojikeleze i-antenna ubizwa ngokuba yi-near-field region. Lo mmandla ulawulwa yi-inductive effects kwaye ngenxa yoko ubizwa ngokuba yi-induction field region, nangona usenazo ezinye izinto ezikhupha imitha.
Ummandla okude
Ummandla okude ne-antenna ubizwa ngokuba yi-far-field region. Ukwaziwa njengommandla we-radiation field, njengoko iziphumo ze-radiative zilawula apha. Iiparameter ezininzi ze-antenna eziphambili, ezifana ne-directivity kunye ne-radiation pattern, zichazwa kwaye zilinganiswa ngaphakathi kulo mmandla.
Ipateni yentsimi
Ukusasazwa kwentsimi kunokulinganiswa ngamandla entsimi, kwaye ukubonakaliswa kwemizobo okubangelwayo kubizwa ngokuba yipateni yentsimi. Ngokukodwa, xa amandla akhutshwayo e-antenna ebonakaliswa ngokwe-electric field intensity E (V/m), iploti ephumayo ibizwa ngokuba yipateni yentsimi. Ukuba ilinganiswa ngokwe-power (W), ibizwa ngokuba yi-power pattern.
Ukusasazwa kwemizobo yentsimi yemitha okanye amandla kuxhomekeke koku kulandelayo:
•Kwindawo ekude, kuphela kwii-engile zendawo (θ,ϕ);
•Kwindawo ekufutshane nentsimi, kuzo zombini ii-engile zendawo (θ,ϕ) kunye nomgama we-radial (r).
Iimpawu zemimandla ekufutshane nentsimi kunye nemimandla ekude zinokuqondwa ngokucacileyo ngoncedo lwemifanekiso.
Iipateni zentsimi zingahlulwahlulwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
•Ummandla oNear-Field osabelayo kunye nommandla oNear-Field okhupha imisebe — zombini zibizwa ngokuba ngummandla oNear-field.
•Ummandla weNdawo ekude okhupha imitha yelanga — ubizwa nje ngokuba ngummandla weNdawo ekude.
Ummandla ojikeleze i-antenna ngummandla okufutshane nentsimi osabelayo, okwaziwa ngokuba ngummandla wentsimi ongengowemitha, apho iziphumo zemitha zingabalulekanga. Ecaleni kwale ndawo kukho ummandla okufutshane nentsimi okhupha imisebe, okwabizwa ngokuba ngummandla weFresnel, apho imisebe iba namandla kwaye ukusasazwa kwentsimi ye-angular kuxhomekeke kumgama obonakalayo ukusuka kwi-antenna.
Ngaphaya koku kukho ummandla osasaza imitha kude. Kulo mmandla, ukusasazwa kwemitha akuxhomekekanga kumgama, kwaye ipateni yemitha esebenzayo iyasekwa.
Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi ngee-antenna, nceda undwendwele:
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-01-2026
