I-antenna ye-dipole iyanqunyulwa ize igotywe ukuze kufumaneke imitha esebenzayo. Ubude obupheleleyo bentambo esetyenziswa njenge-dipole bulingana nesiqingatha sobude bomda (oko kukuthi, l=λ/2）). Olu hlobo lwe-antenna lubizwa ngokuba yi-half-wave dipole antenna. Ngenxa yeenzuzo zalo, yeyona antenna isetyenziswa kakhulu, kwaye ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-Hertz antenna.
Uluhlu lweeFrequency
I-antenna ye-half-wave dipole isebenza kuluhlu lweefrikhwensi olumalunga ne-3 kHz ukuya kwi-300 GHz, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-radio receivers.
Ulwakhiwo kunye noMgaqo-nkqubo woKusebenza weHalf-Wave Dipole
Yi-antenna yesiseko ye-dipole ephindaphindayo yokusebenza kwayo ihambelana nesiqingatha sobude bomda; ngoko ke, ibizwa ngokuba yi-antenna ye-dipole ye-half-wave.
Iziphelo ze-dipole zine-voltage ephezulu, eyi-alternating current (AC) ngokwemvelo. Kwi-positive peak ye-voltage, ii-electron zihlala zihamba kwicala elinye, ngelixa kwi-negative peak, zihamba kwicala elichaseneyo. Oku kungachazwa ngoncedo lomfanekiso ongezantsi.
Umfanekiso ongentla ubonisa umgaqo wokusebenza kwe-half-wave dipole.
Umfanekiso 1 ubonisa i-dipole xa ikwi-positive half-cycle ye-voltage ebangelwe yi-induced. Ngeli xesha, ii-electron zihlala zisiya kwi-positive charge.
Umfanekiso 2 ubonisa i-dipole kwi-half-cycle engalunganga ye-voltage ebangelwe yi-induced. Apha, ii-electron zihlala zisuka kwi-dipole.
Umfanekiso 3 ubonisa i-dipole kwisiqingatha sexesha elizayo esihle. Kule ndawo, ii-electron ziphinda zihambe ziye kwitshaja.
Esi siphumo sokuqokelelana sivelisa intsimi ye-electromagnetic eyahlukileyo, ephuma ngaphandle ngendlela efanayo naleyo iveliswa kwi-dipole ngokwayo. Ngenxa yoko, imveliso ye-antenna yimitha esebenzayo elandela ipateni yexesha le-voltage yokukhupha. Ngale ndlela, i-half-wave dipole ifumana imitha esebenzayo.
Umfanekiso ongentla ubonisa usasazo lwangoku kwi-half-wave dipole. Ukwanda kwe-half-wave dipole yi-2.15 dBi, nto leyo ilungile kakhulu. Apha, unobumba "i" ubhekisa kwi-isotropic radiator.
Imo yokukhanya
Ipatheni yemitha yale antenna ye-half-wave dipole ijikelezisa yonke indawo kwi-H-plane, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo ezifana nonxibelelwano lweselula kunye nokwamkelwa kwerediyo.
Umfanekiso ongentla ubonisa iipatheni zemitha ye-dipole yesiqingatha samaza kwi-H-plane nakwi-V-plane.
Kwi-dipole enobude obuyihafu yobude bomda (oko kukuthi, ubude bokuqala be-resonant), i-radius yayo ayichaphazeli i-input impedance. I-antenna isebenza kakuhle kakhulu kwi-resonant frequency yayo, eyenzeka kubude bayo be-resonant.
Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi ngee-antenna, nceda undwendwele:
Ixesha leposi: Juni-05-2026
