Kwipateni yemitha ye-antenna, i-lobe ephambili imele umqadi oyintloko we-antenna, apho amandla aphezulu kunye nawona aqokelelweyo akhutshwa khona.
I-Beamwidth bububanzi be-angular bomngxuma apho uninzi lwamandla lukhutshwa khona. Iiparameter ezimbini eziphambili ezisetyenziselwa ukuchaza i-beamwidth yi-Half-Power Beamwidth (HPBW) kunye ne-First Null Beamwidth (FNBW).
Ububanzi be-Half-Power Beamwidth (HPBW)
Ngokwenkcazo eqhelekileyo, ukwahlukana kwe-angular apho i-amplitude yepateni yemitha yehla khona nge-50% (oko kukuthi, -3 dB) ukusuka kwincopho yelobe ephambili ibizwa ngokuba yi-half-power beamwidth.
Ngamanye amazwi, ububanzi be-beadwidth ngummandla apho i-antenna ikhupha khona uninzi lwamandla ayo, ohambelana nommandla okufutshane namandla aphezulu. Ububanzi be-beadwidth yamandla aphakathi bububanzi be-angular apho amandla ahambelanayo kwintsimi yemitha esebenzayo ye-antenna adlula i-50% yamandla aphezulu.
Ukutolikwa kweJiyomethri ye-HPBW
Kwipateni yemitha, zoba umgca ukusuka kwimvelaphi ukuya kwicala ngalinye lelobe ephambili kwiindawo zamandla ezisiqingatha. I-engile phakathi kwezi vector zimbini yi-half-power beamwidth (HPBW). Lo mfanekiso ulandelayo unceda ukubonisa le ngcamango.
Umfanekiso ubonisa i-lobe ephambili ye-antenna kunye neendawo zamandla ezisisiqingatha kwi-lobe ephambili.
Inkcazo yeMathematika
Ifomula eqikelelweyo yesiqingatha sobubanzi be-beadwidth yamandla yile:
apho:
•λ yi-wavelength yokusebenza,
•U-D lubungakanani bomngxuma we-antenna (ngokuvamile ububanzi okanye ubude becala).
Iyunithi yesiqingatha se-beamwidth yamandla (HPBW) yi-radian okanye i-degree.
Ububanzi bokuqala be-Null Beamwidth (FNBW)
Ngokwenkcazo eqhelekileyo, ukwahlukana kwe-angular phakathi kwee-nulls zokuqala ezikufutshane ne-lobe ephambili kubizwa ngokuba yi-first null beamwidth.
Ngamazwi alula, i-FNBW yi-angular span phakathi kwee-nulls zephethini yokuqala kumacala omabini e-main beam.
Ukutolikwa kweJometri ye-FNBW
Ukususela kwimvelaphi yepateni yemitha, zoba imigca ethe tyaba ukuya kumqadi oyintloko kwicala ngalinye. I-engile phakathi kwale migca mibini ethe tyaba yi-null beamwidth yokuqala (FNBW). Lo mfanekiso ulandelayo unceda ukubonisa le ngcamango ngokucacileyo.
Umfanekiso ongentla ubonisa ububanzi be-half-power beamwidth (HPBW) kunye ne-null beamwidth yokuqala (FNBW) kwipateni yemitha, kunye ne-lobe ephambili kunye ne-side lobes ezibonisiweyo.
Inkcazo yeMathematika
Ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-null beamwidth yokuqala (FNBW) kunye ne-half-power beamwidth (HPBW) bunokuqikelelwa ngolu hlobo:
Sifaka i-HPBW ≈ 70λ/D endaweni yayo, sifumana:
apho i-λ ilubude be-wavelength kwaye u-D lubukhulu bomngxuma we-antenna.
Iyunithi
Iyunithi yeFirst Null Beamwidth (FNBW) yi-radian (rad) okanye idigri (°).
Ubude obusebenzayo kunye nendawo esebenzayo
Phakathi kweeparamitha ze-antenna, ubude obusebenzayo kunye nendawo esebenzayo nazo zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezinceda ekuvavanyeni ukusebenza kwe-antenna.
Ubude obusebenzayo
Ubude obusebenzayo be-antenna busetyenziswa ukuchaza ukusebenza kwayo kwe-polarization.
Inkcazo: Ubude obusebenzayo bumlinganiselo we-amplitude ye-voltage yesekethe evulekileyo kwiiterminal ze-antenna ezifumanayo ukuya kwi-amplitude yamandla e-electrical field accident kwicala elifanayo le-polarization njenge-antenna. Xa igagasi le-accident lifikelela kwi-antenna input, linamandla athile e-electrical field amplitude axhomekeke kwi-polarization ye-antenna. Olu polarization kufuneka luhambelane ne-amplitude ye-voltage kwiiterminal ze-receiver ukuze kufumaneke isignali efanelekileyo.
Inkcazo yeMathematika
Indlela yezibalo yokubonisa ubude obusebenzayo yile:
apho:
•le bubude obusebenzayo be-antenna,
•I-Voc yi-amplitude ye-voltage yesekethe evulekileyo kwii-terminals ze-antenna ezifumanayo,
•I-Ei yi-amplitude yamandla ombane akwicala elifanayo ne-antenna.
Indawo esebenzayo
Inkcazo: Indawo esebenzayo yinxalenye yendawo ye-antenna efumanayo efunxa amandla avela kwicala lamaza elingaphambili ize iyiguqule ibe yisignali yombane; ngokubanzi incinci kunendawo yokuvuleka kwe-antenna.
Ngexesha lokwamkelwa, yonke indawo ebonakalayo ye-antenna ivezwa kwicala lamaza e-electromagnetic, kodwa yinxalenye yayo kuphela ebamba isignali ngokufanelekileyo. Le nxalenye ibizwa ngokuba yindawo esebenzayo.
Isizathu sokuba kusetyenziswe iqhekeza elincinci lamandla angaphambili kukuba elinye lamaza angaphambili lisasazwa yi-antenna, ngelixa elinye icandelo linokuchithwa njengobushushu. Ke ngoko, phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo ngaphandle kokulahleka, indawo ethi, xa iphindaphindwe ngamandla angasemva, inike amandla aphezulu afumanekayo kwi-antenna ibizwa ngokuba yindawo esebenzayo.
Indawo esebenzayo idla ngokuchazwa yiI-Aeff.
Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi ngee-antenna, nceda undwendwele:
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-30-2026
