Esi sahluko sixoxa ngemilinganiselo yemitha ye-antenna, esinceda siqonde iinkcukacha zemitha.
Indawo yeBeam
Ngokwenkcazo eqhelekileyo: “Ukuba i-radiation intensity P(θ,ϕ) ihlala kwixabiso layo eliphezulu ngaphezulu kwe-solid angle ΩA kwaye ingu-zero kwenye indawo, ngoko indawo ye-beam yi-solid angle apho onke amandla akhutshwa yi-antenna adlula khona.”
Umqadi ophuma kwi-antenna ukhutshwa ngaphakathi kwe-engile ethile eqinileyo apho ubukhali bomqadi buphezulu. Le engile yomqadi eqinileyo ibizwa ngokuba yindawo yomqadi kwaye ichazwa yi-ΩA.
Ngaphakathi kweli engile liqinileyo i-ΩA, i-radiation intensity P(θ,ϕ) kufuneka ihlale ingaguquki kwaye ibe phezulu, kwaye ibe yi-zero kwenye indawo. Ke ngoko, amandla e-radiation epheleleyo anikwa ngu:
Amandla Akhanyiswayo=P(θ,ϕ)⋅ΩA(watts)
I-angle ye-beam idla ngokubhekisa kwi-angle eqinileyo phakathi kweendawo zamandla ezisiqingatha ze-lobe ephambili.
Inkcazo yeMathematika
Intetho yemathematika yendawo yemitha yile:
apho i-engile eqinileyo eyahlukileyo ilandelayo:
dΩ=sinθdθdϕ
Apha, i-Pn(θ,ϕ) bubunzulu bemitha eqhelekileyo.
• I-ΩA imele i-engile yomqadi oqinileyo (indawo yomqadi).
• θ ngumsebenzi wesikhundla se-angular.
• ϕ ngumsebenzi womgama we-radial.
Iyunithi
Iyunithi yendawo yemitha yii-steradian (sr).
Ukusebenza kakuhle kweMisebe
Ngokwenkcazo eqhelekileyo: “Ukusebenza kakuhle kwemitha yireyithingi yendawo yemitha yemitha ephambili kwindawo iyonke yemitha yemitha.”
Amandla akhutshwa yi-antenna axhomekeke kwindlela ekhokela ngayo. Indlela i-antenna ekhupha ngayo amandla amaninzi inokusebenza kakuhle kakhulu, ngelixa amanye amandla elahleka kwii-side lobes. Umlinganiselo wamandla aphezulu akhutshwayo kwi-beam ephambili kumandla apheleleyo akhutshwayo, kunye nokulahleka okuncinci, kuthiwa yi-beam efficiency.
Inkcazo yeMathematika
Indlela yokubala yokusebenza kakuhle kwemitha yile:
apho
•ηB kukusebenza kakuhle kwemisebe (okungenamlinganiselo),
• I-ΩMB yi-engile eqinileyo (indawo yomqadi) yomqadi oyintloko,
• I-ΩA yi-engile eqinileyo yomqadi opheleleyo ojikelezisiweyo.
Ukwahlulahlula kwe-Antena
Ii-Antenna zinokuyilwa ngee-polarizations ezahlukeneyo ngokweemfuno zesicelo, ezifana ne-linear okanye i-circular polarization. Uhlobo lwe-polarization lumisela iimpawu ze-beam kunye nemeko ye-polarization ye-antenna ngexesha lokwamkela okanye ukuhambisa.
Ukuphola okuLula
Xa i-electromagnetic wave idluliselwa okanye ifunyanwa, indlela esasazwa ngayo inokwahluka. I-antenna e-linearly polarized igcina i-electrical field vector ixhomekeke kwi-fixed plane, ngaloo ndlela igxininisa amandla kwicala elithile ngelixa icinezela amanye amacala. Ngenxa yoko, i-linear polarization inceda ukuphucula i-antenna directionactivity.
Ukwahlulahlula okujikelezayo
Kwi-wave ejikelezileyo e-polarized, i-electric field vector iyajikeleza ngokuhamba kwexesha, kunye nezinto zayo ezi-orthogonal ezilingana nge-amplitude kunye ne-90° ngaphandle kwesigaba, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kungabikho cala limiselweyo. I-circular polarization inciphisa ngempumelelo iziphumo ze-multipath kwaye ke ngoko isetyenziswa kakhulu kunxibelelwano lwesathelayithi, njenge-GPS.
Ukuqhekeka okuthe tye
Amaza ajikelezileyo ngokuthe tye anokuba sengozini yokubonakaliswa ukusuka kumphezulu woMhlaba, nto leyo ebangela ukuncitshiswa kwesignali, ingakumbi kumaza angaphantsi kwe-1 GHz. Ukujikeleziswa okuthe tye kudla ngokusetyenziswa ekudlulisweni kwesignali kamabonakude ukuze kufunyanwe umlinganiselo ongcono wesignali-kwingxolo.
Ukuphola okuthe nkqo
Amaza aphantsi ajikelezileyo ajikelezileyo alungele ukusasazeka kwamaza omhlaba. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-horizon polarization, amaza ajikelezileyo ajikelezileyo awachaphazeleki kakhulu kukukhanya komphezulu kwaye ke ngoko asetyenziswa kakhulu kunxibelelwano oluphathwayo.
Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-polarization luneengenelo kunye nemida yalo. Abayili beenkqubo ze-RF banokukhetha ngokukhululekileyo i-polarization efanelekileyo ngokweemfuno ezithile zenkqubo.
Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi ngee-antenna, nceda undwendwele:
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-24-2026
