Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-eriyali kunxulumene namandla anikezelweyo kwi-eriyali kunye namandla akhutshwa yi-eriyali.I-eriyali esebenza kakuhle kakhulu iya kukhupha amandla amaninzi athunyelwe kwi-eriyali.I-eriyali engasebenzi kakuhle ifunxa uninzi lwamandla alahlekileyo ngaphakathi kwe-eriyali.I-eriyali engasebenziyo inokuba namandla amaninzi abonakalisiweyo ngenxa yokungahambelani kokuphazamiseka.Nciphisa amandla okukhanya e-eriyali engasebenziyo xa kuthelekiswa ne-eriyali esebenza ngokufanelekileyo.
[Inqaku elisecaleni: Ukuphazamiseka kwe-antenna kuxoxwe ngayo kwisahluko esilandelayo.Ukungahambelani kwe-Impedans kubonakaliswa amandla avela kwi-eriyali kuba i-impedance lixabiso elingachanekanga.Ke ngoko, oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-impedance mismatch.]
Uhlobo lwelahleko ngaphakathi kwe-eriyali yilahleko yokuqhuba.Iilahleko zokuqhuba zibangelwa kukuhamba okulinganiselweyo kwe-eriyali.Enye indlela yokulahlekelwa yilahleko ye-dielectric.Ukulahleka kwe-Dielectric kwi-antenna kubangelwa ukuqhutyelwa kwezinto ze-dielectric.Izinto ezigqumayo zinokubakho ngaphakathi okanye ngeenxa zonke kwi-eriyali.
Umlinganiselo wokusebenza kakuhle kwe-antenna kumandla ombane angabhalwa njengamandla okufaka i-antenna.Le yinxaki [1].Ikwabizwa ngokuba yimpumelelo ye-eriyali yokukhanya.
[Equation 1]
Ukusebenza kakuhle ngumlinganiselo.Lo mlinganiselo usoloko uphakathi ko-0 no-1. Ucikizeko ludla ngokunikwa ngokwepesenti.Umzekelo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-0.5 ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50% efanayo.Ukusebenza kwe-eriyali nako kusoloko kucatshulwa kwiidecibels (dB).Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-0.1 kulingana ne-10%.Oku kukwalingana no -10 decibels (-10 decibels).Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-0.5 kufana ne-50%.Oku kukwalingana no -3 decibels (dB).
I-equation yokuqala ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba kukusebenza kwemitha ye-eriyali.Oku kuyayahlula kwelinye igama elisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo elibizwa ngokuba yintsebenzo iyonke ye-eriyali.UkuSebenza okuFanelekayo kukonke kwe-eriyali ye-radiation ye-antenna iphinda-phindeke ngokungahambi kakuhle kwelahleko ye-eriyali.Ilahleko yokungahambelani kwe-impedance kwenzeka xa i-eriyali iqhagamshelwe ngokwasemzimbeni kumgca wothumelo okanye umamkeli.Oku kungashwankathelwa kwifomula [2].
[Equation 2]
ifomula [2]
I-Impedans ilahleko engafaniyo ihlala ilinani phakathi kwe-0 kunye ne-1. Ke ngoko, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-eriyali iyonke ihlala ingaphantsi kobuchule bemitha.Ukuphinda oku, ukuba akukho lahleko, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-radiation kuyalingana nokusebenza kwe-eriyali iyonke ngenxa yokungahambelani kwe-impedance.
Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle yenye yezona parameters ezibalulekileyo ze-antenna.Inokuba kufutshane kakhulu kwi-100% ngesitya sesathelayithi, i-eriyali yophondo, okanye isiqingatha se-wavelength dipole ngaphandle kwayo nayiphi na into elahlekileyo ejikeleze kuyo.Ii-eriyali zeselfowuni okanye ii-eriyali ze-electronics zabathengi zihlala zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo ngama-20% -70%.Oku kulingana no -7 dB -1.5 dB (-7, -1.5 dB).Ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yokulahleka kwezinto zombane kunye nezinto ezijikeleze i-eriyali.Ezi zidla ngokufunxa amandla athile aphumayo.Amandla aguqulwa abe ngamandla obushushu kwaye akukho mitha.Oku kunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-eriyali.Ii-eriyali zerediyo zemoto zinokusebenza kumaza kanomathotholo e-AM ngobuchule be-eriyali obuyi-0.01.[Le yi-1% okanye -20 dB.] Oku kungasebenzi kungenxa yokuba i-eriyali incinci kunesiqingatha sobude be-wavelength kwi-frequency yokusebenza.Oku kunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-antenna.Amakhonkco angenazingcingo ayagcinwa kuba iinqaba zosasazo ze-AM zisebenzisa amandla okuhambisa aphezulu kakhulu.
I-Impedans ilahleko engafanelekanga ixoxwe kwi-Smith Chart kunye ne-Impedance Matching amacandelo.Ukulinganisa i-impedance kunokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-eriyali.
Ukuzuza kwe-antenna
Inzuzo ye-eriyali yexesha elide ichaza ukuba angakanani amandla ahanjiswayo kwicala lemitha yemitha, xa kuthelekiswa nomthombo we-isotropic.Ukuzuza kwe-eriyali kuqheleke kakhulu ukucatshulwa kwiphepha lenkcazo ye-eriyali.Inzuzo ye-antenna ibalulekile kuba ithathela ingqalelo eyona lahleko eyenzekayo.
I-eriyali ene-3 dB inzuzo ithetha ukuba amandla afunyenwe kwi-eriyali yi-3 dB ephezulu kakhulu kunokuba ebeya kufunyanwa kwi-eriyali ye-isotropic engalahlekiyo enegunya elifanayo lokufaka.I-3 dB ilingana nombane ophindwe kabini.
Ukuzuza kwe-antenna ngamanye amaxesha kuxoxwa njengomsebenzi wesalathiso okanye i-engile.Nangona kunjalo, xa inani elinye lichaza inzuzo, ke elo nani liyincopho yenzuzo kuwo onke amacala.I-"G" yenzuzo ye-antenna inokuthelekiswa ne-directivity ye "D" yohlobo lwexesha elizayo.
[Equation 3]
Inzuzo ye-antenna yokwenene, enokuthi ibe phezulu njengesitya esikhulu sesathelayithi, yi-50 dB.I-Directivity ingaba phantsi njenge-1.76 dB njenge-eriyali yangempela (njenge-antenna emfutshane ye-dipole).Umkhombandlela awunakuze ube ngaphantsi kwe-0 dB.Nangona kunjalo, inzuzo ephezulu ye-antenna inokuba yinto encinci.Oku kungenxa yelahleko okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle.Ii-eriyali ezincinci ngombane zii-eriyali ezincinci ngokwentelekiso ezisebenza kumgama wamaza ophindaphindo apho i-eriyali isebenza khona.Ii-eriyali ezincinci zinokungasebenzi kakuhle.Inzuzo ye-antenna ihlala ingaphantsi kwe-10 dB, naxa ukungahambelani kwe-impedance kungathathelwa ngqalelo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-16-2023
