Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-antenna kunxulumene namandla anikwa i-antenna kunye namandla akhutshwa yi-antenna. I-antenna esebenza kakuhle kakhulu iya kukhupha uninzi lwamandla aziswa kwi-antenna. I-antenna engasebenzi kakuhle ifunxa uninzi lwamandla alahlekileyo ngaphakathi kwi-antenna. I-antenna engasebenzi kakuhle inokuba namandla amaninzi abonakala ngenxa yokungafani kwe-impedance. Yehlisa amandla akhutshwayo e-antenna engasebenzi kakuhle xa kuthelekiswa ne-antenna esebenza ngcono.
[Inqaku elisecaleni: Impedance ye-antenna ixutyushwa kwisahluko esilandelayo. Impedance mismatch ngamandla abonakaliswa yi-antenna kuba i-impedance lixabiso elingalunganga. Ke ngoko, oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-impedance mismatch.]
Uhlobo lokulahleka ngaphakathi kwe-antenna kukulahlekelwa kukuhanjiswa kombane. Ukulahleka kokuhanjiswa kombane kungenxa yokuhanjiswa kombane okulinganiselweyo kwe-antenna. Enye indlela yokulahleka kukulahlekelwa yi-dielectric. Ukulahleka kwe-dielectric kwi-antenna kungenxa yokuhanjiswa kombane kwizinto ze-dielectric. Izinto zokukhusela umbane zinokubakho ngaphakathi okanye zijikeleze i-antenna.
Umlinganiselo wokusebenza kakuhle kwe-antenna kumandla akhutshwayo ungabhalwa njengamandla okufaka e-antenna. Le yi-equation [1]. Ikwaziwa nangokusebenza kakuhle kwe-antenna.
[Isilinganiselo 1]
Ukusebenza kakuhle yi-ratio. Le ratio isoloko iphakathi kwe-0 kunye ne-1. Ukusebenza kakuhle kudla ngokunikezelwa kwinqanaba lepesenti. Umzekelo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-0.5 kufikelela kwi-50% efanayo. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-antenna kudla ngokucatshulwa kwi-decibels (dB). Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-0.1 kulingana ne-10%. Oku kukwalingana ne--10 decibels (-10 decibels). Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-0.5 kulingana ne-50%. Oku kukwalingana ne--3 decibels (dB).
I-equation yokuqala ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba kukusebenza kakuhle kwemitha ye-antenna. Oku kuyahlula kwelinye igama elisetyenziswa rhoqo elibizwa ngokuba kukusebenza ngokupheleleyo kwe-antenna. Ukusebenza kakuhle okupheleleyo Ukusebenza kakuhle kwemitha ye-antenna kuphindaphindwe ngokulahleka kokungafani kwe-impedance kwe-antenna. Ukulahleka kokungafani kwe-impedance kwenzeka xa i-antenna iqhagamshelwe ngokwasemzimbeni kumgca wothumelo okanye kwi-receiver. Oku kungashwankathelwa kwifomyula [2].
[Isilinganiselo 2]
ifomula [2]
Ukulahleka kokungalingani kwe-Impedance kuhlala kulinani eliphakathi kuka-0 no-1. Ke ngoko, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-antenna iyonke kuhlala kungaphantsi kokusebenza kakuhle kwemitha. Ukuphinda oku, ukuba akukho lahleko, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemitha kulingana nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-antenna iyonke ngenxa yokungafani kakuhle kwe-impedance.
Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle yenye yezona parameter zibalulekileyo ze-antenna. Inokuba kufutshane kakhulu ne-100% ngesitya sesathelayithi, i-antenna ye-horn, okanye i-dipole yesiqingatha sobude be-wavelength ngaphandle kwezinto ezilahlekileyo ezijikelezileyo. Ii-antenna zeselfowuni okanye ii-antenna ze-elektroniki zabathengi zihlala zisebenza kakuhle ukusuka kwi-20% ukuya kwi-70%. Oku kufana ne--7 dB -1.5 dB (-7, -1.5 dB). Idla ngokuba ngenxa yokulahleka kwe-elektroniki kunye nezinto ezijikeleze i-antenna. Ezi zithanda ukufunxa amandla athile akhutshwayo. Amandla aguqulwa abe ngamandla obushushu kwaye akukho mitha. Oku kunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-antenna. Ii-antenna zerediyo yemoto zinokusebenza kwi-AM radio frequency kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-antenna kwe-0.01. [Oku yi-1% okanye -20 dB. ] Oku kungasebenzi kakuhle kungenxa yokuba i-antenna incinci kunesiqingatha sobude be-wavelength kwi-frequency yokusebenza. Oku kunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-antenna. Amakhonkco angenazingcingo ayagcinwa kuba ii-towers zokusasaza ze-AM zisebenzisa amandla okudlulisa aphezulu kakhulu.
Ukulahlekelwa kokungalingani kwe-Impedance kuxoxwa ngako kwicandelo leSmith Chart kunye nele-Impedance Matching. Ukuthelekiswa kwe-Impedance kunokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-antenna.
Ukwanda kwee-antenna
Ukwanda kwe-antenna yexesha elide kuchaza ukuba ingakanani amandla adluliselwa kwicala le-peak radiation, xa kuthelekiswa nomthombo we-isotropic. Ukwanda kwe-antenna kudla ngokucatshulwa kwiphepha leenkcukacha ze-antenna. Ukwanda kwe-antenna kubalulekile kuba kuthathela ingqalelo ilahleko zokwenyani ezenzekayo.
I-antenna eneenzuzo ze-3 dB ithetha ukuba amandla afunyenwe kwi-antenna ayi-3 dB aphezulu kakhulu kunokuba ebeya kufunyanwa kwi-antenna ye-isotropic engenalahleko enamandla afanayo okufaka. I-3 dB ilingana nombane ophindwe kabini.
Ukwanda kwee-antenna ngamanye amaxesha kuxoxwa ngako njengomsebenzi wecala okanye i-engile. Nangona kunjalo, xa inani elinye lichaza ukuzuza, elo nani liphezulu lokufumana kuzo zonke iindlela. I-"G" yokwanda kwee-antenna inokuthelekiswa nolwalathiso lwe-"D" yohlobo lwekamva.
[Isilinganiselo 3]
Inzuzo ye-antenna yokwenyani, enokuba phezulu njengesitya sesathelayithi esikhulu kakhulu, yi-50 dB. I-Directivity ingaba phantsi kwe-1.76 dB njenge-antenna yokwenyani (njenge-antenna emfutshane ye-dipole). I-Directionality ayinakuze ibe ngaphantsi kwe-0 dB. Nangona kunjalo, i-peak antenna gain inokuba ncinci ngokungacwangciswanga. Oku kungenxa yokulahleka okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle. Ii-antenna ezincinci zombane zii-antenna ezincinci ezisebenza kubude be-frequency apho i-antenna isebenza khona. Ii-antenna ezincinci zinokuba zingasebenzi kakuhle. Inzuzo ye-antenna idla ngokuba ngaphantsi kwe--10 dB, nokuba i-impedance mismatch ayithathelwa ingqalelo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-16-2023
