Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-eriyali kunxulumene namandla anikezelweyo kwi-eriyali kunye namandla akhutshwa yi-eriyali. I-eriyali esebenza kakuhle kakhulu iya kukhupha amandla amaninzi athunyelwe kwi-eriyali. I-eriyali engasebenzi kakuhle ifunxa uninzi lwamandla alahlekileyo ngaphakathi kwe-eriyali. I-eriyali engasebenziyo inokuba namandla amaninzi abonakalisiweyo ngenxa yokungahambelani kokuphazamiseka. Nciphisa amandla okukhanya e-eriyali engasebenziyo xa kuthelekiswa ne-eriyali esebenza ngokufanelekileyo.
[Inqaku elisecaleni: Ukuphazamiseka kwe-antenna kuxoxwe ngayo kwisahluko esilandelayo. Ukungahambelani kwe-Impedans kubonakaliswa amandla avela kwi-eriyali kuba i-impedance lixabiso elingachanekanga. Ke ngoko, oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-impedance mismatch. ]
Uhlobo lwelahleko ngaphakathi kwe-eriyali yilahleko yokuqhuba. Iilahleko zokuqhuba zibangelwa kukuhamba okulinganiselweyo kwe-eriyali. Enye indlela yokulahlekelwa yilahleko ye-dielectric. Ukulahleka kwe-Dielectric kwi-antenna kubangelwa ukuqhutyelwa kwezinto ze-dielectric. Izinto ezigqumayo zinokubakho ngaphakathi okanye kufutshane ne-eriyali.
Umlinganiselo wokusebenza kakuhle kwe-antenna kumandla ombane angabhalwa njengamandla okufaka i-antenna. Le yinxaki [1]. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yimpumelelo ye-eriyali yokukhanya.
[Equation 1]
Ukusebenza kakuhle ngumlinganiselo. Lo mlinganiselo usoloko uphakathi ko-0 no-1. Ucikizeko ludla ngokunikwa ngokwepesenti. Umzekelo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-0.5 ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50% efanayo. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-eriyali nako kusoloko kucatshulwa kwiidecibels (dB). Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-0.1 kulingana ne-10%. Oku kukwalingana no -10 decibels (-10 decibels). Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-0.5 kufana ne-50%. Oku kukwalingana no -3 decibels (dB).
Inxaki yokuqala ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba kukusebenza kwemitha ye-eriyali. Oku kuyayahlula kwelinye igama elisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo elibizwa ngokuba yintsebenzo iyonke ye-eriyali. UkuSebenza okuFanelekayo kukonke kwe-eriyali ye-radiation ye-antenna iphinda-phindeke ngokungahambi kakuhle kwelahleko ye-eriyali. Ilahleko yokungahambelani kwe-impedance kwenzeka xa i-eriyali iqhagamshelwe ngokwasemzimbeni kumgca wothumelo okanye umamkeli. Oku kungashwankathelwa kwifomula [2].
[Equation 2]
ifomula [2]
I-Impedans ilahleko engafaniyo ihlala ilinani phakathi kwe-0 kunye ne-1. Ke ngoko, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-eriyali iyonke ihlala ingaphantsi kobuchule bemitha. Ukuphinda oku, ukuba akukho lahleko, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-radiation kuyalingana nokusebenza kwe-eriyali iyonke ngenxa yokungahambelani kwe-impedance.
Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle yenye yezona parameters ezibalulekileyo ze-antenna. Inokusondela kakhulu kwi-100% kunye nesitya sesathelayithi, i-antenna yephondo, okanye isiqingatha se-wavelength dipole ngaphandle kwayo nayiphi na into elahlekileyo ejikeleze kuyo. Ii-eriyali zeselfowuni okanye ii-eriyali ze-electronics zabathengi zihlala zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo ngama-20% -70%. Oku kulingana no -7 dB -1.5 dB (-7, -1.5 dB). Ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yokulahleka kwezinto zombane kunye nezinto ezijikeleze i-eriyali. Ezi zidla ngokufunxa amandla athile aphumayo. Amandla aguqulwa abe ngamandla obushushu kwaye akukho mitha. Oku kunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-eriyali. Ii-eriyali zikanomathotholo zemoto zinokusebenza kumaza kanomathotholo e-AM ngobuchule be-eriyali obuyi-0.01. [Le yi-1% okanye -20 dB. ] Oku kungasebenzi kungenxa yokuba i-eriyali incinci kunesiqingatha sobude be-wavelength kwi-frequency yokusebenza. Oku kunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-antenna. Amakhonkco angenazingcingo ayagcinwa kuba iinqaba zosasazo ze-AM zisebenzisa amandla okuhambisa aphezulu kakhulu.
I-Impedans ilahleko engafanelekanga ixoxwe kwi-Smith Chart kunye ne-Impedance Matching amacandelo. Ukulinganisa i-impedance kunokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-eriyali.
Ukuzuza kwe-antenna
Inzuzo ye-eriyali yexesha elide ichaza ukuba angakanani amandla ahanjiswayo kwicala lemitha yemitha, xa kuthelekiswa nomthombo we-isotropic. Ukuzuza kwe-eriyali kuqheleke kakhulu ukucatshulwa kwiphepha lenkcazo ye-eriyali. Inzuzo ye-antenna ibalulekile kuba ithathela ingqalelo eyona lahleko eyenzekayo.
I-eriyali ene-3 dB inzuzo ithetha ukuba amandla afunyenwe kwi-eriyali yi-3 dB ephezulu kakhulu kunokuba ebeya kufunyanwa kwi-eriyali ye-isotropic engalahlekiyo enegunya elifanayo lokufaka. I-3 dB ilingana nombane ophindwe kabini.
Inzuzo ye-antenna ngamanye amaxesha ixoxwa njengomsebenzi wesalathiso okanye i-engile. Nangona kunjalo, xa inani elinye lichaza inzuzo, ke elo nani liyincopho yenzuzo kuwo onke amacala. I-"G" yenzuzo ye-antenna inokuthelekiswa ne-directivity ye "D" yohlobo lwexesha elizayo.
[Equation 3]
Inzuzo ye-antenna yokwenene, enokuthi ibe phezulu njengesitya esikhulu sesathelayithi, yi-50 dB. I-Directivity ingaba phantsi njenge-1.76 dB njenge-eriyali yangempela (njenge-antenna emfutshane ye-dipole). Umkhombandlela awunakuze ube ngaphantsi kwe-0 dB. Nangona kunjalo, inzuzo ephezulu ye-antenna inokuba yinto encinci. Oku kungenxa yelahleko okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle. Ii-eriyali ezincinci ngombane zii-eriyali ezincinci ngokwentelekiso ezisebenza kumgama wamaza ophindaphindo apho i-eriyali isebenza khona. Ii-eriyali ezincinci zinokungasebenzi kakuhle. Inzuzo ye-antenna ihlala ingaphantsi kwe-10 dB, naxa ukungahambelani kwe-impedance kungathathelwa ngqalelo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-16-2023
