Iimveliso ze-RFMISO Array Antenna

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Ingcamango yokubaii-antennas ezidibeneyoIqala kwiminyaka yoo-1930 kwaye ekuqaleni yayibunjwe zizinto ezininzi ze-antenna ukuphucula ukusebenza kweenkqubo zonxibelelwano kunye ne-radar. Ngokuhambela phambili kwetekhnoloji, ii-antenna ze-array ziye zaphuhliswa kancinci kancinci zaba ziinkqubo ezipheleleyo eziqulunqwe linani elikhulu lee-antenna, ezinokufezekiswa ngokucubungula imiqondiso enzima kunye nokwakheka kwemitha. Kwiminyaka yoo-1950, ii-antenna ze-array zaqala ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwimimandla yomkhosi neyeenqwelo moya. Emva koko, ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji ye-microwave kunye nonxibelelwano, ii-antenna ze-array zasetyenziswa kwimimandla efana nonxibelelwano lwesathelayithi, i-radar, unxibelelwano oluphathwayo kunye neenethiwekhi ezingenazingcingo.

Umgaqo wokusebenza

I-antenna ye-array yinkqubo ye-antenna equlathe izinto ezininzi ze-antenna ezicwangciswe ngokwejometri ethile kunye nendawo ethile. Umgaqo osebenzayo wee-antenna ze-array usekelwe kwiingcamango zokwakheka kwe-beam kunye nokukhomba kwe-beam.

Xa igagasi lesiganeko lifikelela kwi-antenna ye-array, into nganye ye-antenna ifumana igagasi lesiganeko elifanayo elinokulibaziseka kwesigaba esahlukileyo. Ukulibaziseka kwesigaba phakathi kwezi zinto ze-antenna kufezekiswa ngokulungisa imigca yokulibaziseka okanye ii-phase shifters kwisekethe. Ngokulungisa ukulibaziseka kwesigaba sento nganye ye-antenna, ukwenziwa kunye nokuphazamiseka kwamaza esiganeko kwi-array kunokulawulwa.

Ngolawulo olufanelekileyo lokulibaziseka kwesigaba, ii-antenna ze-array zinokwenza ukwakheka kwemitha. Umqadi ubhekisa kwicala eliphambili lamandla akhutshwa yi-antenna, efana nomqadi wokukhanya oqinileyo okanye umqadi wesandi okhombe kwicala elithile. Ngokulungisa ukulibaziseka kwesigaba sento nganye ye-antenna, amaza angenayo anokufakwa ngaphezulu kwaye aphuculwe kwicala elithile kwaye arhoxiswe kwaye ancitshiswe kwamanye amacala. Ngale ndlela, i-antenna ye-array inokwenza umqadi omxinwa nowecala, ngaloo ndlela yandisa inzuzo kunye nolwalathiso lwenkqubo ye-antenna.

Indlela i-antenna ye-array elawulwa ngayo ingalungiswa ngokutshintsha ukulibaziseka kwesigaba. Ngokulawula ukulibaziseka kwesigaba, i-engile yokukhomba ye-beam ingatshintshwa ukuze ibhekise kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo okanye kwindawo ekunomdla kuyo. Oku kwenza i-antenna ye-array ibe nezicelo ezibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ze-radar, iinkqubo zonxibelelwano kunye neenethiwekhi ezingenazingcingo, kwaye zinokufezekisa imisebenzi efana nokulandelela ithagethi, ulwalathiso lwesignali kunye nokurhoxiswa kokuphazamiseka.

Ukongeza kwi-beamforming kunye ne-directivity, ii-array antennas nazo zinezinye izibonelelo, ezifana ne-spatial multiplexing, i-anti-interference capabilities, kunye ne-flexibility. Ngokusebenzisa intsebenziswano phakathi kwezinto ze-antenna kwi-array, imiqondiso emininzi inokwamkelwa kwaye idluliselwe ngaxeshanye, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa amandla enkqubo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

Ngamafutshane, ii-antenna ze-array zifumana i-beamforming kunye ne-directivity ngokulungelelanisa ukulibaziseka kwesigaba sento nganye ye-antenna ukuze kufezekiswe i-radiation ephuculweyo kunye nokwamkelwa kwiindlela ezithile. Zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kunxibelelwano, i-radar kunye neenethiwekhi ezingenazingcingo, zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezifana nokuzuza okuphezulu, i-directivity kunye nokuguquguquka.