Uluhlu olusebenzayo lwei-antenna ye-microwavekuxhomekeke kwibhendi yayo yefrikhwensi, inzuzo, kunye nemeko yesicelo. Apha ngezantsi kukho uhlalutyo lobuchwephesha lweentlobo ze-antenna eziqhelekileyo:
1. Ulwalamano lwebhendi yesangqa kunye noluhlu
- I-Antena ye-E-band (60–90 GHz):
Iikhonkco ezimfutshane, ezinomthamo ophezulu (1–3 km) ze-backhaul ye-5G kunye ne-military comms. Ukuncipha komoya kufikelela kwi-10 dB/km ngenxa yokufunxwa yioksijini. - I-Antenna ye-Ka-band (26.5–40 GHz):
Ii-satellite comms zifikelela kwi-10–50 km (ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya kwi-LEO) kunye nokwanda kwe-40+ dBi. Ukuphela kwemvula kunokunciphisa uluhlu ngama-30%. - 2.60–3.95 GHzI-antenna yeempondo:
Ububanzi obuphakathi (5–20 km) kwi-radar kunye ne-IoT, ukulinganisela ukungena kunye nesantya sedatha.
2. Uhlobo lwe-Antena kunye nokusebenza kwayo
| I-antenna | Inzuzo Eqhelekileyo | Uluhlu oluPhezulu | Sebenzisa ityala |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-Antena yeBiconical | 2–6 dBi | <1 km (Uvavanyo lwe-EMC) | Uxilongo olufutshane |
| Uphondo oluqhelekileyo lweGain | 12–20 dBi | 3–10 km | Ukulinganisa/ukulinganisa |
| I-Microstrip Array | 15–25 dBi | 5–50 km | Izikhululo zesiseko ze-5G/Satcom |
3. Iziseko zokubala uluhlu
Uluhlu loqikelelo lweFriis transmission equation (*d*):
d = (λ/4π) × √(P_t × G_t × G_r / P_r)
Apho:
P_t = Amandla okudlulisa (umz., i-radar ye-10W)
G_t, G_r = Ukwanda kwe-antenna ye-Tx/Rx (umz., uphondo lwe-20 dBi)
P_r = Uvakalelo lomamkeli (umz., –90 dBm)
Icebiso Elisebenzayo: Kwiikhonkco zesathelayithi zeKa-band, dibanisa i-high-gain horn (30+ dBi) kunye nee-amplifiers ezinengxolo ephantsi (NF <1 dB).
4. Imida yokusingqongileyo
Ukuncitshiswa kwemvula: Imiqondiso ye-Ka-band ilahlekelwa yi-3–10 dB/km kwimvula enkulu.
Ukusasazwa kweBeam: Uluhlu lwe-microstrip ye-25 dBi kwi-30 GHz lunobubanzi be-beam ye-2.3° - olulungele iikhonkco ezichanekileyo ze-point-to-point.
Isiphelo: Uluhlu lwee-antenna ze-microwave luyahluka ukusuka kwi-<1 km (uvavanyo lwe-biconical EMC) ukuya kwi-50+ km (i-Ka-band satcom). Lungiselela ngokukhetha ii-antenna ze-E-/Ka-band ukuze ufumane i-throughput okanye ii-horn ze-2–4 GHz ukuze ufumane ukuthembeka.
Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi ngee-antenna, nceda undwendwele:
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-08-2025
