Uluhlu olusebenzayo lwei-eriyali ye-microwavekuxhomekeke kwibhendi yayo yobuninzi, inzuzo, kunye nemeko yesicelo. Apha ngezantsi kukwahlulwa kobugcisa kwiindidi ze-eriyali eziqhelekileyo:
1. Ibhendi yeFrequency & Range Correlation
- I-E-band Antenna (60–90 GHz):
Uluhlu olufutshane, amakhonkco aphezulu (i-1-3 km) ye-5G i-backhaul kunye nee-comms zomkhosi. I-atmospheric attenuation ifikelela kwi-10 dB / km ngenxa yokufunxa i-oxygen. - I-Antenna ye-Ka-band (26.5–40 GHz):
Ii-Satellite comms zifikelela kwi-10–50 km (ezantsi ukuya kwi-LEO) nge-40+ dBi inzuzo. Ukuphela kwemvula kunokunciphisa uluhlu ngama-30%. - 2.60–3.95 GHzI-Antenna yophondo:
I-Mid-range coverage (5-20 km) ye-radar kunye ne-IoT, ukulinganisa ukungena kunye nezinga ledatha.
2. Uhlobo lwe-antenna kunye nokusebenza
| I-antenna | Inzuzo eqhelekileyo | Uluhlu oluphezulu | Sebenzisa Ityala |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-antenna yeBiconical | 2–6 dBi | <1 km (uvavanyo lwe-EMC) | Ukuxilongwa kwexesha elifutshane |
| Uphondo lokuzuza okusemgangathweni | 12–20 dBi | 3–10 km | Ulungelelwaniso/umlinganiselo |
| Uluhlu lweMicrostrip | 15–25 dBi | 5–50 km | Izikhululo ezisisiseko ze-5G/Satcom |
3. Uluhlu olusisiseko lokubala
Uluhlu loqikelelo lwe-Friis transmission equation (*d*):
d = (λ/4π) × √(P_t × G_t × G_r / P_r)
Apho:
P_t = Amandla okuhambisa (umzekelo, i-10W radar)
G_t, G_r = Tx/Rx iinzuzo ze-eriyali (umzekelo, i-20 dBi horn)
P_r = Umamkeli obuthathaka (umzekelo, -90 dBm)
Ingcebiso eSebenzayo: Kwikhonkco le-satellite ye-Ka-band, hlanganisa uphondo lwe-high-gain (30+ dBi) kunye ne-low-noise amplifiers (NF <1 dB).
4. Imida yokusiNgqongileyo
Ukunciphisa imvula: Iimpawu zeKa-band zilahlekelwa yi-3–10 dB/km kwimvula enkulu.
I-Beam Spread: I-25 dBi microstrip array kwi-30 GHz ine-2.3 ° ye-beamidth - ifanelekile kwi-point-to-point links.
Isiphelo: Uluhlu lwe-antenna ye-Microwave luyahluka ukusuka kwi-<1 km (i-biconical EMC tests) ukuya kwi-50+ km (Ka-band satcom). Lungiselela ngokukhetha ii-eriyali ze-E-/Ka-band ze-throughput okanye iimpondo ze-2–4 GHz zokuthembeka.
Ukuze ufunde ngakumbi ngee-eriyali, nceda undwendwele:
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-08-2025
