Kwintsimi yeii-antennas ezidibeneyo, i-beamforming, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-spatial filtering, yindlela yokucubungula imiqondiso esetyenziselwa ukudlulisa nokufumana amaza erediyo angenazingcingo okanye amaza esandi ngendlela eya kwicala. I-Beamforming isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiinkqubo ze-radar kunye ne-sonar, unxibelelwano olungenazingcingo, i-acoustics, kunye nezixhobo ze-biomedical. Ngokwesiqhelo, i-beamforming kunye ne-beam scanning zenziwa ngokumisela ubudlelwane besigaba phakathi kwe-feed kunye nenxalenye nganye ye-antenna array ukuze zonke izinto zidlulise okanye zamkele imiqondiso kwisigaba kwicala elithile. Ngexesha lokudlulisa, i-beamformer ilawula isigaba kunye nobukhulu obuhambelanayo besignali nganye yomthumeli ukuze idale iipateni zokuphazamiseka ezakhayo nezitshabalalisayo kwi-wavefront. Ngexesha lokwamkela, ulungiselelo lwe-sensor array lubeka phambili ukwamkelwa kwepateni yemitha efunekayo.
Itekhnoloji yokwenza imisebe
Ukulungisa imisebe yindlela esetyenziselwa ukuqondisa ipateni yokukhanya komsebe ukuya kwicala elifunekayo ngempendulo esisigxina.i-antennauluhlu lunokufezekiswa ngenkqubo yokutshintsha isigaba okanye inkqubo yokulibaziseka kwexesha.
Utshintsho lweSigaba
Kwiinkqubo ze-narrowband, ukulibaziseka kwexesha kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-phase shift. Kwi-frequency yerediyo (RF) okanye i-intermediate frequency (IF), i-beamforming inokufezekiswa ngokutshintsha i-phase nge-ferrite phase shifters. Kwi-baseband, ukutshintsha i-phase kunokufezekiswa ngokucubungula isignali yedijithali. Kwi-wideband operation, i-time-libation beamforming iyakhethwa ngenxa yesidingo sokwenza ulwalathiso lwe-main beam lungabi natshintsho nge-frequency.
RM-PA17731
RM-PA10145-30(10-14.5GHz)
Ukulibaziseka kwexesha
Ukulibaziseka kwexesha kunokungeniswa ngokutshintsha ubude bomgca wokudlulisela. Njengakwi-phase shift, ukulibaziseka kwexesha kunokungeniswa kwi-radio frequency (RF) okanye kwi-intermediate frequency (IF), kwaye ukulibaziseka kwexesha okungeniswe ngale ndlela kusebenza kakuhle kuluhlu olubanzi lwe-frequency. Nangona kunjalo, i-bandwidth ye-time-scaned array inqunyelwe yi-bandwidth ye-dipoles kunye nesithuba sombane phakathi kwe-dipoles. Xa i-frequency yokusebenza isanda, isithuba sombane phakathi kwe-dipoles siyanda, nto leyo ebangela ukuncitshiswa kobubanzi be-beam kwi-frequency ephezulu. Xa i-frequency isanda ngakumbi, ekugqibeleni iya kukhokelela kwi-grating lobes. Kwi-phased array, i-grating lobes iya kwenzeka xa ulwalathiso lwe-beamforming ludlula ixabiso eliphezulu le-main beam. Le nto ibangela iimpazamo ekusasazweni kwe-main beam. Ke ngoko, ukuze kuthintelwe i-grating lobes, i-antenna dipoles kufuneka ibe nesithuba esifanelekileyo.
Ubunzima
I-weight vector yi-complex vector ene-amplitude component emisela inqanaba le-sidelobe kunye nobubanzi be-main beam, ngelixa i-phase component imisela i-main beam angle kunye ne-null position. Ii-phase weights ze-narrowband arrays zisetyenziswa zii-phase shifters.
RM-PA7087-43(71-86GHz)
RM-PA1075145-32(10.75-14.5GHz)
Uyilo Lokwenza Imisebe
Ii-Antennas ezinokuziqhelanisa nemeko-bume ye-RF ngokutshintsha ipateni yazo yemitha zibizwa ngokuba zii-antennas ezisebenzayo ze-array. Uyilo lwe-Beamforming lungabandakanya i-Butler matrix, i-Blass matrix, kunye nee-antennas ze-Wullenweber.
Butler Matrix
I-Butler Matrix idibanisa ibhulorho engama-90° kunye ne-phase shifter ukuze kufezekiswe icandelo lokugubungela elibanzi njenge-360° ukuba uyilo lwe-oscillator kunye nephethini yesikhokelo zifanelekile. I-beam nganye ingasetyenziswa ngumthumeli okanye umamkeli ozinikeleyo, okanye ngumthumeli okanye umamkeli omnye olawulwa yi-RF switch. Ngale ndlela, i-Butler Matrix ingasetyenziselwa ukuqondisa i-beam yoluhlu olujikelezayo.
I-Brahs Matrix
I-Burras matrix isebenzisa imigca yokudlulisela kunye nee-directional couplers ukuphumeza i-time-delay beamforming yokusebenza kwe-broadband. I-Burras matrix ingayilwa njenge-broadside beamformer, kodwa ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwe-resistive terminations, inelahleko eziphezulu.
Uluhlu lwee-antenna zeWoollenweber
I-Woollenweber antenna array luluhlu olujikelezayo olusetyenziselwa usetyenziso lokufumana ulwalathiso kwi-high frequency band (HF). Olu hlobo lwe-antenna array lungasebenzisa izinto ezi-omnidirectional okanye ezi-directional, kwaye inani lezinto ngokubanzi lingama-30 ukuya kwi-100, apho isinye kwisithathu sazo sizinikele ekwenzeni imisebe e-directional ephezulu ngokulandelelana. Into nganye iqhagamshelwe kwisixhobo serediyo esinokulawula ubunzima be-amplitude yepateni ye-antenna array nge-goniometer enokuskena i-360° ngaphandle kotshintsho kwiimpawu zepateni ye-antenna. Ukongeza, uluhlu lwe-antenna lwenza umqadi ophuma kwi-antenna array ngexesha lokulibaziseka kwexesha, ngaloo ndlela ufezekisa ukusebenza kwe-broadband.
Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi ngee-antenna, nceda undwendwele:
Ixesha leposi: Juni-07-2024
