Ii-antenna zizixhobo zonxibelelwano ezixhaphakileyo ebomini bethu. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabantu aluziqondi ngokwenene, mhlawumbi lusazi nje ukuba zisetyenziselwa ukudlulisa nokufumana imiqondiso.
Okumangalisayo kukuba, ekubeni isazinzulu saseRashiya uPopov sayila ngempumelelo i-antenna ngo-1894, esi sixhobo sinembali yeminyaka eli-124.
Namhlanje, nokuba kungenxa yomsebenzi wemihla ngemihla nobomi babantu abaqhelekileyo, okanye izazinzulu ezenza uphando lwesayensi, asinakuphila ngaphandle kwegalelo elingathethiyo lee-antenna.
Luhlobo luni "lwentambo" oluyi-antenna, kwaye kutheni itshintshe ubomi bethu kangaka?
Enyanisweni, isizathu sokuba ii-antenna zibe namandla kangaka kukuba amaza e-electromagnetic anamandla. Kwaye isizathu esiphambili sokuba amaza e-electromagnetic abe namandla kangaka kukuba ngawona kuphela "amandla angaqondakaliyo" anokusasaza ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kuyo nayiphi na indlela. Nokuba kwindawo engenabantu, anokuhamba ngokukhululekileyo aze afike ngoko nangoko.
Umzobo wokusasazwa kwamaza e-electromagnetic
Ukuze usebenzise ngokupheleleyo la "mandla angaqondakaliyo," udinga i-antenna. Ngamafutshane, i-antenna "yi-converter"—iguqula amaza akhokelwayo asasazeka kumgca wothumelo abe ngamaza e-electromagnetic asasazeka kwindawo ekhululekileyo, okanye enze utshintsho olubuyela umva.
Umsebenzi we-antenna
Yintoni igagasi elikhokelwayo? Ngamafutshane, igagasi elikhokelwayo ligagasi le-electromagnetic elihamba ngentambo. I-antenna ifikelela njani ekuguquleni phakathi kwamagagasi akhokelwayo kunye namagagasi esithuba?
Jonga umfanekiso ongezantsi:
I-Basic physics isixelela ukuba xa iingcingo ezimbini ezihambelanayo ziphethe umsinga otshintshanayo, amaza e-electromagnetic ayasasazeka.
Xa ezi ngcingo zimbini zisondelelene kakhulu, imitha iba buthathaka kakhulu (amandla e-electromotive abangelwa yimisinga ekwicala elichaseneyo aphantse arhoxisane).
Xa ezi ntambo zimbini zisasazeke zahlukene, imitha iyanda (amandla e-electromotive abangelwa yi-currents kwicala elinye nawo akwicala elinye).
Xa ubude bentambo bunyuka bufikelela kwikota yobude bomsinga, isiphumo sokukhanya esinamandla sinokufezekiswa!
Apho kukho intsimi yombane, kukho intsimi yemagnethi; apho kukho intsimi yemagnethi, kukho intsimi yombane. Lo mjikelo uyaqhubeka, nto leyo ephumela kwiintsimi ze-electromagnetic kunye namaza e-electromagnetic.
Umzobo uboniswe ngezantsi:
Utshintsho kwicala lokuhamba kombane kwintambo luvelisa intsimi yombane etshintshayo.
Iintambo ezimbini ezithe tye ezivelisa intsimi yombane zibizwa ngokuba zii-dipoles.
Ngokwesiqhelo, zombini iingalo zilingana ngobude, ngoko ke zibizwa ngokuba zii-dipoles ezilinganayo.
I-dipole enobude obufana nobo buboniswe ngezantsi ibizwa ngokuba yi-half-wave symmetrical dipole.
I-antenna ye-dipole elinganayo yesiqingatha-samaza
Ukudibanisa iziphelo ezimbini zocingo kunye kuyiguqula ibe yi-antenna ye-dipole egoqwe ngokulinganayo enesiqingatha samaza.
I-antenna ye-dipole egoqwe ngokulinganayo enesiqingatha samaza
I-antenna ye-dipole elinganayo yeyona antenna iqhelekileyo nesetyenziswa kakhulu. Ukuchaneka, into ekhupha imitha ayisiyo antenna epheleleyo. Into ekhupha imitha yeyona nxalenye iphambili ye-antenna, kwaye imo yayo iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuyilo lwe-antenna. Kwaye kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ze-antenna... zininzi...
Kwiphepha elilandelayo, siza kubonelela ngentshayelelo eneenkcukacha ngakumbi kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-antenna kunye neempawu zazo.
Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi ngee-antenna, nceda undwendwele:
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-28-2025
