Ngokunyuka kokuthandwa kwezixhobo ezingenazintambo, iinkonzo zedatha ziye zangena kwixesha elitsha lophuhliso olukhawulezayo, owaziwa ngokuba kukukhula okuqhumayo kweenkonzo zedatha. Okwangoku, inani elikhulu lezicelo lihamba ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka kwiikhompyuter ukuya kwizixhobo ezingenazingcingo ezinjengeefowuni eziphathwayo ekulula ukuzithwala kunye nokusebenza ngexesha langempela, kodwa le meko iye yakhokelela ekunyukeni ngokukhawuleza kwedatha yedatha kunye nokunqongophala kwemithombo ye-bandwidth. . Ngokwezibalo, izinga ledatha kwimarike linokufikelela kwi-Gbps okanye nakwi-Tbps kwi-10 ezayo kwiminyaka eyi-15. Okwangoku, unxibelelwano lwe-THz lufikelele kwizinga ledatha ye-Gbps, ngelixa izinga ledatha ye-Tbps lisekwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso. Iphepha elihambelanayo lidwelisa inkqubela yamva nje kwiireyithi zedatha ye-Gbps esekelwe kwibhendi ye-THz kwaye iqikelela ukuba i-Tbps inokufumaneka nge-polarization multiplexing. Ngoko ke, ukunyusa izinga lokuhanjiswa kwedatha, isisombululo esinokwenzeka kukuphuhlisa ibhendi entsha yefrikhwensi, eyibhendi ye-terahertz, ekwi "ndawo engenanto" phakathi kwe-microwaves kunye nokukhanya kwe-infrared. Kwi-ITU World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-19) ngo-2019, i-frequency range ye-275-450GHz isetyenziselwe iinkonzo ezisisigxina kunye nezomhlaba. Kuyabonakala ukuba iinkqubo zonxibelelwano ezingenazingcingo ze-terahertz ziye zatsala ingqalelo yabaphandi abaninzi.
Amaza ombane weTerahertz achazwa ngokubanzi njengebhendi yamaza e-0.1-10THz (1THz=1012Hz) enobude obuyi-0.03-3 mm. Ngokomgangatho we-IEEE, amaza e-terahertz achazwa njenge-0.3-10THz. Umzobo woku-1 ubonisa ukuba ibhendi yefrikhwensi ye-terahertz iphakathi kwee-microwaves kunye nokukhanya kwe-infrared.
Umzobo we-1 umzobo weSchematic we-THz frequency band.
Ukuphuhliswa kwee-Antenna zeTerahertz
Nangona uphando lwe-terahertz lwaqala ngenkulungwane ye-19, aluzange lufundwe njengecandelo elizimeleyo ngelo xesha. Uphando kwimitha ye-terahertz yayigxile kakhulu kwibhendi ye-infrared ekude. Kwakungekho kude kube phakathi ukuya ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 apho abaphandi baqala ukuqhubela phambili uphando lwamaza e-millimeter kwiqela le-terahertz kwaye baqhube uphando olukhethekileyo lwetekhnoloji ye-terahertz.
Ngeminyaka yee-1980, ukuvela kwemithombo yemitha ye-terahertz kwenza ukusetyenziswa kwamaza e-terahertz kwiinkqubo eziphathekayo kunokwenzeka. Ukusukela kwinkulungwane yama-21, ubuchwepheshe bonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo buye bakhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye imfuno yabantu yolwazi kunye nokwanda kwezixhobo zonxibelelwano kubeke phambili iimfuno ezingqongqo kwisantya sothumelo lwedatha yonxibelelwano. Ngoko ke, enye yeengxaki zobuchwepheshe bonxibelelwano lwexesha elizayo kukusebenza kwizinga eliphezulu ledatha yeegigabhithi ngesibini kwindawo enye. Phantsi kophuhliso loqoqosho lwangoku, izibonelelo ze-spectrum ziye zanqongophala. Nangona kunjalo, iimfuno zomntu kumandla onxibelelwano kunye nesantya azipheli. Kwingxaki yokuxinana kwe-spectrum, iinkampani ezininzi zisebenzisa iteknoloji ye-multiple-input-output (MIMO) ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-spectrum kunye nomthamo wenkqubo ngokusebenzisa i-spatial multiplexing. Ngokuqhutyelwa phambili kweenethiwekhi ze-5G, isantya sokuxhunywa kwedatha yomsebenzisi ngamnye siya kudlula i-Gbps, kwaye i-data traffic yezikhululo zesiseko nazo ziya kwanda kakhulu. Kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano zamaza amaza emilimitha, amakhonkco e-microwave akazukwazi ukumelana nale mijelo yedatha emikhulu. Ukongezelela, ngenxa yempembelelo yomgca wokubona, umgama wokudluliselwa konxibelelwano lwe-infrared lufutshane kwaye indawo yezixhobo zayo zonxibelelwano igxininiswe. Ngoko ke, amaza e-THz, aphakathi kwe-microwaves kunye ne-infrared, angasetyenziselwa ukwakha iinkqubo zokunxibelelana ngesantya esiphezulu kunye nokwandisa amazinga okuhanjiswa kwedatha ngokusebenzisa i-THz links.
Amaza eTerahertz anokubonelela nge-bandwidth yonxibelelwano olubanzi, kwaye uluhlu lwalo lokuphindaphinda malunga namaxesha angama-1000 onxibelelwano lweselula. Ngoko ke, ukusebenzisa i-THz ukwakha iinkqubo zonxibelelwano ezingenazintambo ze-ultra-high-speed isisombululo esithembisayo kumngeni wezinga eliphezulu ledatha, eliye latsala umdla wamaqela amaninzi ophando kunye namashishini. NgoSeptemba 2017, umgangatho wokuqala we-THz wonxibelelwano lwe-wireless IEEE 802.15.3d-2017 wakhululwa, ochaza utshintshiselwano lwedatha ye-point-to-point kwi-THz ephantsi yoluhlu lwe-252-325 GHz. Enye ingqimba yomzimba (PHY) yekhonkco inokufezekisa amaxabiso edatha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100 Gbps kwii-bandwidths ezahlukeneyo.
Inkqubo yokuqala yonxibelelwano ye-THz eyimpumelelo ye-0.12 THz yasungulwa kwi-2004, kwaye inkqubo yonxibelelwano ye-THz ye-0.3 THz yaqatshelwa ngo-2013. Itheyibhile 1 idwelisa inkqubela yophando lweenkqubo zonxibelelwano ze-terahertz eJapan ukusuka kwi-2004 ukuya kwi-2013.
IThebhile 1 Inkqubela yophando lweenkqubo zonxibelelwano lwe-terahertz eJapan ukusuka kwi-2004 ukuya kwi-2013
Isakhiwo se-antenna yenkqubo yonxibelelwano ephuhliswe kwi-2004 ichazwe ngokucacileyo yi-Nippon Telegraph kunye ne-Telephone Corporation (NTT) kwi-2005. Ukucwangciswa kwe-antenna kwaqaliswa kwiimeko ezimbini, njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Figure 2.
Umzobo 2 Umzobo weSchematic we-NTT yaseJapan ye-120 GHz inkqubo yonxibelelwano engenazingcingo
Inkqubo idibanisa ukuguqulwa kwefoto kunye ne-antenna kwaye yamkele iindlela ezimbini zokusebenza:
1. Kwindawo esondeleyo yangaphakathi yangaphakathi, i-antenna ye-antenna esetyenzisiweyo esetyenziswe ngaphakathi ngaphakathi iquka i-chip ye-photodiode ye-line carrier (UTC-PD), i-antenna yeplana kunye ne-silicon lens, njengoko kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2 (a).
2. Kwiindawo ezikude zangaphandle, ukwenzela ukuba kuphuculwe impembelelo yokulahleka okukhulu kokudluliselwa kunye novelwano oluphantsi lwe-detector, i-antenna yokuhambisa kufuneka ibe nenzuzo ephezulu. I-antenna ye-terahertz ekhoyo isebenzisa i-lens ye-Gaussian optical enenzuzo engaphezu kwe-50 dBi. Uphondo lwesondlo kunye nendibaniselwano yelensi ye-dielectric iboniswe kuMfanekiso 2 (b).
Ukongeza ekuphuhliseni inkqubo yonxibelelwano ye-0.12 THz, i-NTT iphinde yaphuhlisa inkqubo yonxibelelwano ye-0.3THz kwi-2012. Ngokuphucula okuqhubekayo, izinga lokuhambisa lingaba phezulu njenge-100Gbps. Njengoko kunokubonwa kwiThebhile 1, yenze igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso lonxibelelwano lwe-terahertz. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi wophando wangoku unemiqobo yokusebenza rhoqo, ubungakanani obukhulu kunye neendleko eziphezulu.
Uninzi lwee-eriyali ze-terahertz ezisetyenziswayo ngoku zilungiswa ukusuka kwi-eriyali yamaza e-millimeter, kwaye kukho into entsha entsha kwii-eriyali ze-terahertz. Ngoko ke, ukwenzela ukuba kuphuculwe ukusebenza kweenkqubo zonxibelelwano lwe-terahertz, umsebenzi obalulekileyo kukwandisa ii-antenna ze-terahertz. Itheyibhile 2 idwelisa inkqubela yophando yonxibelelwano lwesiJamani THz. Umzobo 3 (a) ubonisa ummeli weTHz inkqubo yonxibelelwano engenazingcingo edibanisa iifotonic kunye ne-electronics. Umzobo 3 (b) ubonisa indawo yovavanyo lwetonela yomoya. Ukujonga imeko yangoku yophando eJamani, uphando lwayo kunye nophuhliso lukwanalo nokungalungi okufana nokusebenza okuphantsi, ixabiso eliphezulu kunye nokusebenza okuphantsi.
Itheyibhile 2 Uphando lwenkqubela phambili yonxibelelwano lweTHz eJamani
Umzobo 3 Indawo yovavanyo lwetonela yomoya
IZiko le-ICT le-CSIRO likwaqalise uphando kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano ezingenazingcingo ze-THz zangaphakathi. Iziko lifunde ubudlelwane phakathi konyaka kunye nokuphindaphinda konxibelelwano, njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-Figure 4. Njengoko kunokubonwa kwi-Figure 4, ngo-2020, uphando malunga nonxibelelwano olungenazintambo luvame ukuya kwi-THz band. Awona maza maninzi onxibelelwano usebenzisa i-radio spectrum yonyuka ngokuphindwe kalishumi rhoqo kumashumi amabini eminyaka. Iziko lenze iingcebiso malunga neemfuno ze-eriyali ze-THz kunye nee-eriyali ezicetywayo zendabuko ezifana neempondo kunye neelensi zeenkqubo zonxibelelwano ze-THz. Njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Figure 5, ii-antenna ezimbini zeempondo zisebenza kwi-0.84THz kunye ne-1.7THz ngokulandelanayo, kunye nesakhiwo esilula kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-beam ye-Gaussian.
Umzobo 4 Ubudlelwane phakathi konyaka kunye nobuninzi
I-RM-BDHA818-20A
RM-DCPHA105145-20
Umzobo 5 Iintlobo ezimbini zeempondo zeempondo
I-United States yenze uphando olubanzi malunga nokukhutshwa kunye nokufumanisa amaza e-terahertz. Iilabhoratri zophando ze-terahertz ezidumileyo ziquka i-Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), i-Stanford Linear Accelerator Centre (SLAC), i-US National Laboratory (LLNL), i-National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), i-National Science Foundation (NSF), njl. Ii-eriyali ze-terahertz ezintsha zosetyenziso lwe-terahertz ziyilwe, njengee-eriyali ze-bowtie kunye nee-eriyali eziqhuba umqadi. Ngokophuhliso lwee-eriyali ze-terahertz, sinokufumana iimbono ezintathu ezisisiseko zoyilo lwee-eriyali ze-terahertz okwangoku, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 6.
Umzobo 6 Iimbono ezintathu zoyilo ezisisiseko kwii-eriyali zeterahertz
Olu hlalutyo lungasentla lubonisa ukuba nangona amazwe amaninzi anike ingqwalasela enkulu kwii-antenna ze-terahertz, kusekho kwinqanaba lokuqala lokuhlola kunye nophuhliso. Ngenxa yokulahleka okukhulu kosasazo kunye nokufunxwa kwemolekyuli, ii-eriyali ze-THz zihlala zithintelwa ngumgama wothumelo kunye nokugubungela. Olunye uphononongo lujolise kwiifrikhwensi zokusebenza ezisezantsi kwibhendi yeTHz. Uphando olukhoyo lwe-eriyali ye-terahertz lujolise ikakhulu ekuphuculeni inzuzo ngokusebenzisa i-eriyali ye-dielectric lens, njl., kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle konxibelelwano ngokusebenzisa i-algorithms efanelekileyo. Ukongeza, indlela yokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokupakishwa kwe-antenna ye-terahertz ikwangumba ongxamisekileyo.
Ii-eriyali ze-THz ngokubanzi
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zee-eriyali ze-THz ezikhoyo: ii-eriyali ze-dipole ezinemiqolo ecolekileyo, ii-eriyali zekona, ii-antenna ze-bowtie, i-dielectric lens planar antennas, ii-eriyali ze-photoconductive zokuvelisa imithombo yomthombo wemitha ye-THz, i-eriyali zophondo, i-eriyali ze-THz ezisekwe kwizixhobo zegraphene, njl. izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza i-eriyali ze-THz, zinokuba rhabaxa yahlulwe ngokwee-eriyali zetsimbi (ingakumbi ii-eriyali zophondo), ii-eriyali ze-dielectric (ii-eriyali zelensi), kunye nee-eriyali zezinto ezintsha. Eli candelo kuqala linika uhlalutyo lokuqala lwezi-eriyali, kwaye ke kwicandelo elilandelayo, ii-eriyali ezintlanu eziqhelekileyo ze-THz zaziswa ngokweenkcukacha kwaye zihlalutywe nzulu.
1. Ii-eriyali zentsimbi
I-eriyali yesigodlo yi-eriyali yentsimbi eqhelekileyo eyenzelwe ukusebenza kwiqela le-THz. I-eriyali yomamkeli wamaza odidi lwemilimitha luphondo oluyiconical. Ii-eriyali ezibotshelelweyo nezimbini zineenzuzo ezininzi, kubandakanywa iipateni zemitha yemitha ejikelezayo, inzuzo ephezulu ye-20 ukuya kwi-30 dBi kunye nenqanaba elisezantsi le-polarization le--30 dB, kunye nempumelelo yokudibanisa eyi-97% ukuya kuma-98%. I-bandwidth ekhoyo yee-antenna ezimbini zeempondo zi-30% -40% kunye ne-6% -8%, ngokulandelanayo.
Ekubeni ukuphindaphinda kwamaza e-antenna kuphezulu kakhulu, ubukhulu be-eriyali yophondo buncinci kakhulu, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukusetyenzwa kwesigodlo, ngakumbi kuyilo lwee-antenna arrays, kunye nobunzima bobugcisa bokucubungula bukhokelela kwiindleko ezigqithisileyo kunye imveliso encinci. Ngenxa yobunzima bokwenza umzantsi woyilo oluntsonkothileyo lwephondo, i-eriyali yophondo olula ngohlobo lwe-conical okanye uphondo lwe-conical ihlala isetyenziswa, enokunciphisa iindleko kunye nenkqubo entsonkothileyo, kunye nokusebenza kwemitha ye-antenna kunokugcinwa. kakuhle.
Enye i-eriyali yesinyithi yi-eriyali yephiramidi ehambayo, equka i-eriyali ehambayo ehambayo edityaniswe kwifilimu ye-dielectric ye-micron eyi-1.2 kwaye ixhonywe kumngxunya we-longitudinal ogxunyekwe kwi-silicon wafer, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 7. Le eriyali sisakhiwo esivulekileyo. iyahambelana neediode zeSchottky. Ngenxa yobume bayo obulula kunye neemfuno ezisezantsi zokwenziwa, inokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiibhendi zamaza ngaphezulu kwe-0.6 THz. Nangona kunjalo, inqanaba le-sidelobe kunye nenqanaba le-polarization ye-antenna liphezulu, mhlawumbi ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esivulekileyo. Ngoko ke, ukusebenza kwayo kokudibanisa kuncinci (malunga ne-50%).
Umzobo 7 I-eriyali ejikelezayo yephiramidi
2. I-eriyali ye-Dielectric
I-eriyali ye-dielectric yindibaniselwano ye-dielectric substrate kunye ne-radiator ye-eriyali. Ngoyilo olufanelekileyo, i-antenna ye-dielectric inokufikelela kwi-impedance ehambelana ne-detector, kwaye inenzuzo yenkqubo elula, ukudibanisa okulula, kunye neendleko eziphantsi. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abaphandi baye baqulunqa ii-eriyali ezininzi ze-narrowband kunye ne-broadband-fire-fire ezinokuthi zihambelane ne-low-impedance detectors ye-terahertz dielectric antennas: i-butterfly antenna, i-antenna ephindwe kabini ye-U, i-antenna ye-log-periodic, kunye ne-antenna ye-log-periodic sinusoidal, njengoko kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 8. Ukongeza, iijometri ze-eriyali ezintsonkothileyo zinokuyilwa ngokwemfuza algorithms.
Umzobo 8 Iintlobo ezine zee-eriyali ezicwangcisiweyo
Nangona kunjalo, kuba i-eriyali ye-dielectric idityanisiwe kunye ne-dielectric substrate, umphumo wamaza ongaphezulu uya kwenzeka xa i-frequency isiya kwibhendi ye-THz. Oku kungasebenzi kakuhle kuya kubangela ukuba i-eriyali ilahlekelwe ngamandla amaninzi ngexesha lokusebenza kwaye ikhokelele ekunciphiseni okubonakalayo kokusebenza kwemitha ye-eriyali. Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMzobo we-9, xa i-engile yemitha ye-eriyali inkulu kune-angle yokunqunyulwa, amandla ayo avalelwe kwi-dielectric substrate kwaye idibene nemowudi ye-substrate.
Umzobo 9 Impembelelo ye-antenna yomphezulu wamaza
Njengoko ubukhulu be-substrate bukhula, inani leendlela eziphezulu zokunyusa, kwaye ukudibanisa phakathi kwe-antenna kunye ne-substrate kwanda, okubangela ukulahlekelwa kwamandla. Ukuze wenze buthathaka isiphumo samaza omphezulu, kukho izikimu ezintathu zokuphucula:
1) Layisha ilensi kwi-eriyali ukwandisa inzuzo ngokusebenzisa iimpawu zokubethelela zamaza ombane.
2) Ukunciphisa ubukhulu be-substrate ukucinezela ukuveliswa kweendlela eziphezulu zokulandelelana kwamaza ombane.
3) Faka indawo ye-substrate dielectric imathiriyeli nge-gap ye-electromagnetic band (EBG). Iimpawu zokucoca indawo ze-EBG zinokucinezela iindlela zokuodola okuphezulu.
3. Ii-eriyali zezinto ezintsha
Ukongeza kwezi zimbini zingasentla, kukwakho ne-antenna ye-terahertz eyenziwe ngezinto ezintsha. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-2006, uJin Hao et al. icetywayo i-eriyali ye-carbon nanotube dipole. Njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Figure 10 (a), i-dipole yenziwe nge-carbon nanotubes endaweni yezinto zetsimbi. Wafunda ngononophelo iimpawu ze-infrared kunye ne-optical ye-antenna ye-carbon nanotube dipole kwaye waxoxa ngeempawu eziqhelekileyo ze-antenna yobude be-carbon nanotube dipole, njenge-impedance yegalelo, ukusabalalisa kwangoku, ukufumana, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nepateni yemitha. Umzobo we-10 (b) ubonisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-impedance yegalelo kunye nokuphindaphinda kwe-antenna ye-carbon nanotube dipole. Njengoko kunokubonwa kuMfanekiso 10(b), inxalenye ecingelwayo ye-impedance yegalelo inama-zero amaninzi kwiifrikhwensi eziphezulu. Oku kubonisa ukuba i-eriyali inokufezekisa ii-resonances ezininzi kwiifrikhwensi ezahlukeneyo. Ngokucacileyo, i-eriyali ye-carbon nanotube ibonisa i-resonance ngaphakathi koluhlu oluthile lwamafrikhwensi (amaza e-THz asezantsi), kodwa ayikwazi ngokupheleleyo ukuvakala ngaphandle kolu luhlu.
Umfanekiso we-10 (a) I-eriyali yeCarbon nanotube dipole. (b) I-Impedance-frequency curve
Kwi-2012, uSamir F. Mahmoud kunye no-Ayed R. AlAjmi bacebise isakhiwo esitsha se-antenna ye-terahertz esekelwe kwi-carbon nanotubes, equkethe i-bundle ye-carbon nanotubes ehlanganiswe kwiileyiti ezimbini ze-dielectric. I-dielectric layer yangaphakathi yi-dielectric foam layer, kwaye i-dielectric layer yangaphandle yi-metamaterial layer. Isakhiwo esithile siboniswe kuMfanekiso 11. Ngovavanyo, ukusebenza kwe-radiation ye-antenna kuye kwaphuculwa xa kuthelekiswa ne-carbon nanotubes ene-single-walled.
Umzobo we-11 i-eriyali entsha ye-terahertz esekwe kwikhabhoni nanotubes
I-eriyali ye-terahertz entsha ecetywayo ngasentla ine-dimensional emithathu. Ukuze kuphuculwe i-bandwidth ye-eriyali kunye nokwenza ii-eriyali ezihambelanayo, ii-eriyali ezicwangcisiweyo zegraphene zifumene ingqalelo ebanzi. IGraphene ineempawu ezibalaseleyo zolawulo oluqhubekayo kwaye inokuvelisa iplasma yomphezulu ngokuhlengahlengisa amandla ombane we-bias. Iplasma yomphezulu ikhona kujongano phakathi kwe-dielectric engaguqukiyo substrates (ezifana ne-Si, SiO2, njl.) kunye ne-negative dielectric engaguqukiyo substrates (ezifana neentsimbi ezixabisekileyo, igraphene, njl. njl.). Kukho inani elikhulu "leelektroni zasimahla" kwii-conductor ezifana neentsimbi ezixabisekileyo kunye negraphene. Ezi electron zasimahla zikwabizwa ngokuba ziiplasma. Ngenxa yendawo enokubakho kwi-conductor, ezi plasma zikwimeko ezinzileyo kwaye aziphazanyiswa lilizwe langaphandle. Xa isiganeko samandla ombane we-electromagnetic wave sidityaniswa nezi plasma, iiplasma ziya kuphambuka kwisimo esizinzileyo kwaye zingcangcazele. Emva kokuguqulwa, imowudi ye-electromagnetic yenza i-wave magnetic transverse kwi-interface. Ngokwenkcazo yobudlelwane bokusasazwa kweplasma yomhlaba wesinyithi yimodeli yeDrude, iintsimbi azikwazi ngokwendalo ukudibanisa namaza ombane kwindawo ekhululekileyo kunye nokuguqula amandla. Kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa ezinye izinto ukonwabisa amaza eplasma angaphezulu. Amaza eplasma angaphezulu abola ngokukhawuleza kwicala elihambelanayo le-metal-substrate interface. Xa umqhubi wesinyithi eqhuba kwi-direction perpendicular to the surface, umphumo wesikhumba uyenzeka. Ngokucacileyo, ngenxa yobukhulu obuncinci be-antenna, kukho impembelelo yesikhumba kwi-high frequency band, ebangela ukuba ukusebenza kwe-antenna kwehla ngokukhawuleza kwaye ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zee-antenna ze-terahertz. Iplasmon engaphezulu yegraphene ayinayo kuphela amandla okubopha okuphezulu kunye nelahleko esezantsi, kodwa ikwaxhasa ukulungiswa kombane okuqhubekayo. Ukongeza, igraphene ine-conductivity entsonkothileyo kwibhendi ye-terahertz. Ke ngoko, ukwanda kwamaza okucothayo kunxulumene nemowudi yeplasma kumaza e-terahertz. Ezi mpawu zibonisa ngokupheleleyo ukuba nokwenzeka kwegraphene ukubuyisela izinto zetsimbi kwibhendi ye-terahertz.
Ngokusekwe kwindlela yokuziphatha yepolarization yegraphene surface plasmons, Umfanekiso we-12 ubonisa uhlobo olutsha lwe-eriyali yomcu, kwaye iphakamisa ubume bebhendi yeempawu zokusasaza zamaza eplasma kwigraphene. Uyilo lwebhendi ye-eriyali enokutyibilika ibonelela ngendlela entsha yokufunda iimpawu zokusasaza zezinto ezintsha ze-antenna zeterahertz.
Umfanekiso we-12 I-eriyali yomcu omtsha
Ukongeza ekuphononongeni izinto ezintsha ze-eriyali ye-terahertz, ii-eriyali zegraphene nanopatch nazo zinokuyilwa njengezixhobo zokwakha ii-terahertz zeenkqubo ezininzi zonxibelelwano lwee-eriyali ezineziphumo ezininzi. Isakhiwo se-antenna siboniswe kwi-Figure 13. Ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu ezizodwa ze-graphene nanopatch antennas, izinto ze-antenna zinemilinganiselo ye-micron-scale. Ukubekwa komphunga wekhemikhali kudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo imifanekiso eyahlukeneyo yegraphene kumaleko we-nickel obhityileyo kwaye igqithiselwe kuyo nayiphi na i-substrate. Ngokukhetha inani elifanelekileyo lamacandelo kunye nokutshintsha amandla ombane we-electrostatic bias, isalathiso sokusasazeka kwemitha sinokutshintshwa ngokusebenzayo, ukwenza inkqubo iphinde iqwalaselwe.
Umzobo 13 Uluhlu lwe-eriyali yeGraphene nanopatch terahertz
Uphando lwezixhobo ezitsha lukhokelo olutsha. Ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kulindeleke ukuba kuphule imida yee-eriyali zemveli kwaye kuphuhliswe iintlobo ngeentlobo zee-eriyali ezintsha, ezinjengee-eriyali ezinokuphinda ziqwalaselwe, izinto ezine-dimensional (2D), njl njl. izixhobo kunye nokuqhubela phambili kweteknoloji yenkqubo. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ukuphuhliswa kwee-eriyali ze-terahertz kufuna izinto ezintsha, itekhnoloji yokucubungula echanekileyo kunye nezakhiwo zoyilo lwenoveli ukuhlangabezana nenzuzo ephezulu, iindleko eziphantsi kunye neemfuno ezibanzi zobubanzi bee-eriyali zeterahertz.
Oku kulandelayo kwazisa imigaqo esisiseko yeentlobo ezintathu ze-antenna ze-terahertz: i-eriyali zetsimbi, i-dielectric antennas kunye ne-eriyali entsha yezinto, kwaye ihlalutya ukungafani kwazo kunye neenzuzo kunye nokungalunganga.
1. I-antenna yesinyithi: Ijometri ilula, kulula ukuyiqhuba, ixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu, kunye neemfuno eziphantsi ze-substrate materials. Nangona kunjalo, ii-antenna zetsimbi zisebenzisa indlela yomatshini ukulungisa indawo ye-eriyali, ejongene neempazamo. Ukuba uhlengahlengiso aluchanekanga, ukusebenza kwe-antenna kuya kuncitshiswa kakhulu. Nangona i-antenna yentsimbi incinci ngobukhulu, kunzima ukudibanisa kunye nesekethe yeplani.
2. I-antenna ye-Dielectric: I-antenna ye-dielectric ine-impedance ephantsi, kulula ukudibanisa kunye ne-low impedance detector, kwaye ilula ukudibanisa kunye nesekethe yeplani. Iimilo zejiyometri yee-eriyali zedielectric ziquka ukumila kwebhabhathane, ukumila kwe-U kabini, imilo yesiqhelo yelogarithmic kunye nelogarithmic periodic sine shape. Nangona kunjalo, ii-eriyali zedielectric zikwanazo neziphene ezibulalayo, ezizezi, isiphumo samaza angaphezulu esibangelwa yi-substrate eshinyeneyo. Isisombululo kukulayisha i-lens kunye nokubuyisela i-dielectric substrate kunye nesakhiwo se-EBG. Zombini izisombululo zifuna ukutsha kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kweteknoloji yenkqubo kunye nezixhobo, kodwa ukusebenza kwazo okugqwesileyo (okufana ne-omnidirectionality kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwamaza omhlaba) kunokubonelela ngemibono emitsha yophando lwee-antenna ze-terahertz.
3. Ii-antenna zezinto ezintsha: Okwangoku, ii-antenna ze-dipole ezintsha ezenziwe nge-carbon nanotubes kunye nezakhiwo ezintsha ze-antenna ezenziwe nge-metamatadium ziye zavela. Izixhobo ezitsha zinokuzisa impumelelo entsha yokusebenza, kodwa isiseko kukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha zesayensi. Okwangoku, uphando kwi-eriyali entsha yemathiriyeli lusekwinqanaba lokuhlola, kwaye uninzi lwetekhnoloji ephambili abukavuthwa ngokwaneleyo.
Isishwankathelo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-antenna ze-terahertz zinokukhethwa ngokweemfuno zoyilo:
1) Ukuba uyilo olulula kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokuvelisa ziyafuneka, ii-antenna zetsimbi zingakhethwa.
I-2) Ukuba ukuhlanganiswa okuphezulu kunye ne-impedance ye-low input iyadingeka, ii-antenna ze-dielectric zingakhethwa.
3) Ukuba ukuphumelela ekusebenzeni kuyadingeka, ii-antenna zezinto ezintsha zinokukhethwa.
Uyilo olungentla lunokulungelelaniswa ngokweemfuno ezithile. Ngokomzekelo, iindidi ezimbini ze-eriyali zinokudibaniswa ukuze zifumane inzuzo engakumbi, kodwa indlela yokuhlanganisana kunye neteknoloji yoyilo kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno ezingqongqo.
Ukuze ufunde ngakumbi ngee-eriyali, nceda undwendwele:
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-02-2024
