I-antennaInzuzo yiparameter ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano ezingenazingcingo, njengoko imisela amandla e-antenna okuqondisa okanye ukugxininisa amandla erediyo kwicala elithile. Inzuzo ephezulu ye-antenna iphucula amandla esignali, yandisa uluhlu lonxibelelwano, kwaye iphucula ukusebenza kwenkqubo iyonke. Eli nqaku liphonononga iindlela ezisebenzayo zokwandisa inzuzo ye-antenna, ligxile kwimigaqo yoyilo, iindlela zokwenza ngcono, kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili.
1. Lungiselela uyilo lwe-Antenna
Ukuzuza kwe-antenna kunxulumene kakhulu noyilo lwayo lomzimba. Enye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokwandisa inzuzo kukusebenzisa i-antenna ebhekisa kwicala elithile, njenge-Yagi-Uda, i-parabolic reflector, okanye i-patch antenna, egxila amandla kwicala elithile endaweni yokuwasasaza ngokufanayo kuzo zonke iindlela. Umzekelo, ii-antenna ze-parabolic reflector zifumana inzuzo ephezulu ngokugxininisa imiqondiso kwindawo ephambili, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zibe zilungele unxibelelwano olude.
2. Yandisa ubungakanani be-Antena
Ukwanda kwee-antenna kuhambelana nokuvulwa kwayo okusebenzayo, okunxulumene ngqo nobukhulu bayo bomzimba. Ii-antenna ezinkulu zinokubamba okanye zikhuphe amandla angakumbi, nto leyo ebangela ukwandiswa okuphezulu. Umzekelo, ii-antenna ze-dish ezinobubanzi obukhulu zibonelela ngokwanda okuphezulu ngenxa yokwanda kwendawo yazo yomphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela ithintelwe yimida esebenzayo efana nendawo kunye neendleko.
3. SebenzisaIi-Antenna Arrays
Ii-antenna arrays ziqulunqwe zii-antenna ezininzi ezicwangciswe ngendlela ethile. Ngokudibanisa imiqondiso evela kwezi zinto, i-array inokufikelela kwi-gain and directionivity ephezulu. Ii-antenna ze-array ezicwangcisiweyo, umzekelo, zisebenzisa iindlela zokutshintsha i-phase ukuze ziqhube umqadi nge-elektroniki, zibonelela nge-gain ephezulu kunye nokuguquguquka kwicala.
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4. Phucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokutya
Inkqubo yokutya, edlulisela amandla phakathi kwesixhobo sokudlulisa/sokwamkela kunye ne-antenna, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni inzuzo. Ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezilahlekelwa kancinci kunye nokwenza ngcono inethiwekhi yokutya kunokunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla kwaye kuphucule ukusebenza kakuhle. Umzekelo, iintambo ze-coaxial ezine-attenuation ephantsi okanye ii-waveguide feeds zinokuphucula ukusebenza.
5. Nciphisa iilahleko
Ukulahleka kwenkqubo ye-antenna, okufana nokulahlekelwa yi-resistive, ukulahleka kwe-dielectric, kunye nokungafani kwe-impedance, kunokunciphisa kakhulu i-gain. Ukusebenzisa izixhobo ze-high-conductivity (umz., ubhedu okanye i-aluminium) kwisakhiwo se-antenna kunye nezixhobo ze-dielectric ezilahlekayo kancinci kwi-substrates kunokunciphisa ezi lahleko. Ukongeza, ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana okufanelekileyo kwe-impedance phakathi kwe-antenna kunye nomgca wokudlulisela kwandisa ukudluliselwa kwamandla kwaye kwandisa i-gain.
6. Qesha iiReflectors kunye nabalawuli
Kwii-antenna ezibhekisa kwicala ezifana nee-antenna zeYagi-Uda, ii-reflectors kunye nabalawuli zisetyenziselwa ukuphucula i-gain. Ii-reflectors zibekwe ngasemva kwe-element ekhuphayo ukuze ziqondise amandla phambili, ngelixa abalawuli bebekwe ngaphambili ukuze bagxile ngakumbi kwi-beam. Ukubeka isithuba kunye nokulinganisa ngokufanelekileyo ezi zinto kunokuphucula kakhulu i-gain kunye ne-directivity.
Isiphelo
Ukwandisa inzuzo ye-antenna kubandakanya indibaniselwano yoyilo olucokisekileyo, ukukhethwa kwezinto, kunye neendlela eziphambili. Ngokuphucula ulwakhiwo lwe-antenna, ukunciphisa ilahleko, kunye nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufana nee-antenna arrays kunye ne-beamforming, kunokwenzeka ukufezekisa uphuculo olukhulu kwinzuzo kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo iyonke. Olu phuculo lubalulekile kwizicelo eziqala kunxibelelwano olungenazingcingo ukuya kwiinkqubo ze-radar kunye nesathelayithi.
Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi ngee-antenna, nceda undwendwele:
Ixesha leposi: Februwari-21-2025
