Isixhumi se-antenna sisixhumi se-elektroniki esisetyenziselwa ukuqhagamshela izixhobo zerediyo kunye neentambo. Umsebenzi waso ophambili kukudlulisa imiqondiso yerediyo ephezulu.
Isixhumi sineempawu ezintle kakhulu zokufanisa i-impedance, nto leyo eqinisekisa ukuba ukubonakaliswa kwesignali kunye nokulahleka kwayo kuncitshisiwe ngexesha lokudluliselwa phakathi kwesixhumi kunye nentambo. Zihlala zineempawu ezilungileyo zokukhusela ukuphazamisana kwe-electromagnetic yangaphandle ekuchaphazeleni umgangatho wesignali.
Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zokudibanisa i-antenna ziquka i-SMA, i-BNC, uhlobo lwe-N, i-TNC, njl.njl., ezifanelekileyo kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zesicelo.
Eli nqaku liza kukwazisa kwakhona ngezihlanganisi ezininzi ezisetyenziswa rhoqo:
Ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwesixhumi
Isixhumi se-SMA
Isixhumi se-coaxial se-RF sohlobo lwe-SMA sisixhumi se-RF/microwave esiyilwe yiBendix kunye ne-Omni-Spectra ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1950. Sasisinye sezixhumi ezazisetyenziswa kakhulu ngelo xesha.
Ekuqaleni, izihlanganisi ze-SMA zazisetyenziswa kwiintambo ze-coaxial eziqinileyo ezingama-0.141″, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo ze-microwave kushishino lomkhosi, kunye ne-Teflon dielectric fill.
Ngenxa yokuba isixhumi se-SMA sincinci ngobukhulu kwaye sinokusebenza kwiifrikhwensi eziphezulu (uluhlu lweefrikhwensi luyi-DC ukuya kwi-18GHz xa ludityaniswe neentambo eziqinileyo, kunye ne-DC ukuya kwi-12.4GHz xa ludityaniswe neentambo eziguquguqukayo), lufumana udumo ngokukhawuleza. Ezinye iinkampani ngoku ziyakwazi ukuvelisa izixhumi ze-SMA malunga ne-DC~27GHz. Kwanophuhliso lwezixhumi zamaza ze-millimeter (ezifana ne-3.5mm, 2.92mm) lujonga ukuhambelana koomatshini nezixhumi ze-SMA.
Isixhumi se-SMA
Isixhumi se-BNC
Igama elipheleleyo lesixhumi se-BNC yi-Bayonet Nut Connector (isixhumi esifakelwayo, eli gama lichaza ngokucacileyo imo yesi sixhumi), esibizwa ngegama lendlela yaso yokutshixa i-bayonet kunye nabayili bayo uPaul Neill noCarl Concelman.
sisixhumi seRF esiqhelekileyo esinciphisa ukubonakaliswa/ukulahleka kwamaza. Izixhumi zeBNC zihlala zisetyenziswa kwizicelo zefrequency ephantsi ukuya kwephakathi kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano ezingenazingcingo, oomabonakude, izixhobo zovavanyo, kunye nezixhobo ze-elektroniki zeRF.
Izihlanganisi zeBNC zazisetyenziswa nakwiinethiwekhi zekhompyutha zakuqala. Isihlanganisi seBNC sixhasa amaza esignali ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-4GHz, kodwa sinokusebenza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-12GHz ukuba kusetyenziswa uhlobo olukhethekileyo olusemgangathweni oluyilelwe olu hlobo lwefrikhwensi. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-impedance ephawulekayo, ezizezi: i-50 ohms kunye ne-75 ohms. Izihlanganisi zeBNC ze-50 ohm zithandwa kakhulu.
Isixhumi sohlobo lwe-N
Isixhumi se-antenna yohlobo lwe-N saqanjwa nguPaul Neal kwiBell Labs ngeminyaka yoo-1940. Izixhumi ze-Type N zazenzelwe ekuqaleni ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamajoni kunye neenqwelo moya zokudibanisa iinkqubo ze-radar kunye nezinye izixhobo zerediyo. Isixhumi se-N sohlobo lwe-N senzelwe uqhagamshelo olunemisonto, olubonelela ngokudibanisa okuhle kwe-impedance kunye nokusebenza kokukhusela, kwaye sifanelekile kwiindlela ezinamandla aphezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-frequency ephantsi.
Uluhlu lweefrikhwensi zezihlanganisi zohlobo lwe-N ludla ngokuxhomekeka kuyilo oluthile kunye nemigangatho yokwenziwa. Ngokubanzi, izihlanganisi zohlobo lwe-N zinokugubungela uluhlu lweefrikhwensi ukusuka kwi-0 Hz (DC) ukuya kwi-11 GHz ukuya kwi-18 GHz. Nangona kunjalo, izihlanganisi zohlobo lwe-N ezikumgangatho ophezulu zinokuxhasa uluhlu lweefrikhwensi eziphezulu, zifikelela kwi-18 GHz. Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, izihlanganisi zohlobo lwe-N zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo zefrikhwensi ephantsi ukuya kwephakathi, njengonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo, usasazo, unxibelelwano lwesathelayithi kunye neenkqubo zeradar.
Isixhumi sohlobo lwe-N
Isixhumi se-TNC
Isixhumi se-TNC (i-Threaded Neill-Concelman) saqanjwa nguPaul Neill kunye noCarl Concelman ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1960. Luhlobo oluphuculweyo lwesixhumi se-BNC kwaye sisebenzisa indlela yoqhagamshelo olunemisonto.
I-impedance ephawulekayo yi-50 ohms, kwaye uluhlu olufanelekileyo lwefrikhwensi yokusebenza yi-0-11GHz. Kwibhendi yefrikhwensi ye-microwave, izihlanganisi ze-TNC zisebenza ngcono kunezihlanganisi ze-BNC. Ineempawu zokumelana nokutsha koxinzelelo, ukuthembeka okuphezulu, iipropati ezibalaseleyo zoomatshini nezombane, njl.njl., kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zerediyo nakwizixhobo ze-elektroniki zokudibanisa iintambo ze-RF coaxial.
Isixhumi se-3.5mm
Isixhumi se-3.5mm sisixhumi se-coaxial esisebenza ngerediyo. Ububanzi bangaphakathi bomqhubi wangaphandle yi-3.5mm, i-impedance ephawulekayo yi-50Ω, kwaye indlela yokudibanisa yintambo ye-1/4-36UNS-2 intshi.
Phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1970, iinkampani zaseMelika iHewlett-Packard kunye neAmphenol (ezaphuhliswa kakhulu yiHP Company, kwaye imveliso yokuqala yenziwa yiAmphenol Company) zaqalisa isixhumi se-3.5mm, esine-frequency yokusebenza efikelela kwi-33GHz kwaye sesona frequency yerediyo yokuqala engasetyenziswa kwi-millimeter wave band. Esinye sezixhumi ze-coaxial.
Xa kuthelekiswa nezihlanganisi ze-SMA (kuquka i-"Super SMA" yaseSouthwest Microwave), izihlanganisi ze-3.5mm zisebenzisa i-air dielectric, zineziqhubi zangaphandle ezityebileyo kunezihlanganisi ze-SMA, kwaye zinamandla angcono oomatshini. Ke ngoko, ayikuko kuphela ukusebenza kombane okungcono kunoko kwezihlanganisi ze-SMA, kodwa ukuqina koomatshini kunye nokuphindaphinda kokusebenza kuphezulu kunoko kwezihlanganisi ze-SMA, okwenza ukuba ifaneleke ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kushishino lovavanyo.
Isixhumi se-2.92mm
Isixhumi se-2.92mm, abanye abavelisi basibiza ngokuba yi-2.9mm okanye isixhumi se-K-type, kwaye abanye abavelisi basibiza ngokuba yi-SMK, KMC, WMP4 connector, njl.njl., sisixhumi se-coaxial serediyo esine-conductor yangaphandle enobubanzi bangaphakathi be-2.92mm. Iimpawu I-impedance yi-50Ω kwaye indlela yokudibanisa yintambo ye-1/4-36UNS-2 intshi. Ulwakhiwo lwayo lufana nesixhumi se-3.5mm, sincinci nje.
Ngo-1983, injineli ephezulu yaseWiltron uWilliam.Old.Field wavelisa isixhumi esitsha sohlobo lwe-2.92mm/K esisekelwe ekushwankatheleni nasekunqobeni izixhumi zamaza ze-millimeter ezazingeniswe ngaphambili (isixhumi sohlobo lwe-K luphawu lwentengiso). Ububanzi bomqhubi wangaphakathi wesi sixhumi yi-1.27mm kwaye sinokudityaniswa nezixhumi ze-SMA kunye nezixhumi ze-3.5mm.
Isixhumi se-2.92mm sisebenza kakuhle kakhulu ngombane kuluhlu lwamaza (0-46) GHz kwaye sihambelana ngoomatshini nezixhumi ze-SMA kunye nezixhumi ze-3.5mm. Ngenxa yoko, ngokukhawuleza saba sesinye sezixhumi ze-mmWave ezisetyenziswa kakhulu.
Isixhumi se-2.4mm
Uphuhliso lwesixhumi se-2.4mm lwenziwe ngokubambisana yi-HP (eyandulela iKeysight Technologies), i-Amphenol kunye ne-M/A-COM. Ingacingelwa njengohlobo oluncinci lwesixhumi se-3.5mm, ngoko ke kukho ukwanda okukhulu kwisantya esiphezulu. Esi sixhumi sisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo ze-50GHz kwaye sinokusebenza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-60GHz. Ukuze kusonjululwe ingxaki yokuba izixhumi ze-SMA kunye ne-2.92mm zisengozini yokonakala, isixhumi se-2.4mm senzelwe ukususa ezi ntsilelo ngokwandisa ubukhulu bodonga lwangaphandle lwesixhumi kunye nokuqinisa iiphini zesifazane. Olu yilo lutsha luvumela isixhumi se-2.4mm ukuba sisebenze kakuhle kwizicelo zesantya esiphezulu.
Uphuhliso lwezihlanganisi ze-antenna luye lwavela kwiindlela ezilula zoyilo lwemisonto ukuya kwiintlobo ezininzi zezihlanganisi ezisebenzayo. Ngokuhambela phambili kwetekhnoloji, izihlanganisi ziyaqhubeka nokulandela iimpawu zobukhulu obuncinci, imvamisa ephezulu kunye ne-bandwidth enkulu ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezitshintshayo zonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo. Isihlanganisi ngasinye sineempawu zaso kunye neenzuzo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zesicelo, ngoko ke ukukhetha isihlanganisi se-antenna esifanelekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nozinzo lokudluliselwa kwesignali.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-26-2023
