Ukusebenza kakuhle kwei-antennaibhekisa kubuchule be-antenna bokuguqula amandla ombane angenayo abe ngamandla aphumayo. Kunxibelelwano olungenazingcingo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-antenna kunempembelelo ebalulekileyo kumgangatho wokudluliselwa kwesignali kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-antenna kunokubonakaliswa ngale fomyula ilandelayo:
Ukusebenza kakuhle = (Amandla akhutshwayo / Amandla okufaka) * 100%
Phakathi kwazo, amandla arhabaxa ngamandla e-electromagnetic arhabaxa yi-antenna, kwaye amandla okufaka ngamandla ombane arhabaxa kwi-antenna.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-antenna kuchatshazelwa zizinto ezininzi, kuquka uyilo lwe-antenna, izinto ezisetyenziswayo, ubungakanani, amaxesha okusebenza, njl. Ngokubanzi, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-antenna, kokukhona inokuguqula amandla ombane angenayo abe ngamandla akhutshwayo, ngaloo ndlela iphucula umgangatho wokudluliselwa kwesignali kwaye inciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.
Ngoko ke, ukusebenza kakuhle kubalulekile xa uyila kwaye ukhetha ii-antenna, ingakumbi kwizicelo ezifuna ukuhanjiswa komgama omde okanye ezineemfuneko ezingqongqo zokusetyenziswa kwamandla.
1. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-antenna
Umfanekiso 1
Ingcamango yokusebenza kakuhle kwe-antenna ingachazwa kusetyenziswa uMfanekiso 1.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-antenna iyonke i-e0 isetyenziselwa ukubala ilahleko ze-antenna kwi-input nakwisakhiwo se-antenna. Ngokubhekiselele kuMfanekiso 1(b), ezi lahleko zingabangelwa:
1. Ukukhanya okubangelwa kukungalingani phakathi komgca wothumelo kunye ne-antenna;
2. Ukulahleka komqhubi kunye ne-dielectric.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-antenna iyonke kunokufumaneka kule fomyula ilandelayo:
Oko kukuthi, ukusebenza kakuhle ngokupheleleyo = imveliso yokusebenza okungafaniyo, ukusebenza kakuhle komqhubi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-dielectric.
Kudla ngokuba nzima kakhulu ukubala ukusebenza kakuhle komqhubi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-dielectric, kodwa zinokumiselwa ngovavanyo. Nangona kunjalo, uvavanyo alunakwahlula ilahleko ezimbini, ngoko ke le fomula ingasentla ingabhalwa ngokutsha ngolu hlobo:
i-ecd kukusebenza kakuhle kwemitha ye-antenna kwaye i-Γ yi-reflection coefficient.
2. Inzuzo kunye neNzuzo eQhelekileyo
Enye indlela eluncedo yokuchaza ukusebenza kwe-antenna yinzuzo. Nangona inzuzo ye-antenna inxulumene ngokusondeleyo ne-directivity, yiparameter eqwalasela ukusebenza kakuhle kunye ne-directivity ye-antenna. I-Directivity yiparameter echaza kuphela iimpawu ze-directivity ze-antenna, ngoko ke imiselwa kuphela yipateni yemitha.
Ukwanda kwe-antenna kwicala elithile kuchazwa njengo "ngokuphindwe ka-4π umlinganiselo wobungakanani bokukhanya kwemitha kuloo ndlela ukuya kumandla okufaka iyonke." Xa kungekho ndlela ichazweyo, ukwanda kwicala lokukhanya okuphezulu kudla ngokuthathwa. Ke ngoko, ngokubanzi kukho:
Ngokubanzi, ibhekisa kwi-relative gain, echazwa "njengomlinganiselo wokufumana amandla kwicala elithile kumandla e-antenna yesalathiso kwicala elibhekisa kulo". Amandla okufaka kule antenna kufuneka alingane. I-antenna yesalathiso inokuba yi-vibrator, i-horn okanye enye i-antenna. Kwiimeko ezininzi, umthombo wenqaku ongangqalanga usetyenziswa njenge-antenna yesalathiso. Ke ngoko:
Ubudlelwane phakathi kwamandla apheleleyo akhutshwe ngemitha kunye namandla apheleleyo okufaka ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Ngokwemigangatho ye-IEEE, "Inzuzo ayibandakanyi ilahleko ngenxa yokungalingani kwe-impedance (ukulahleka kokubonakalisa) kunye nokungalingani kwe-polarization (ukulahlekelwa)." Kukho iingcamango ezimbini zenzuzo, enye ibizwa ngokuba yi-gain (G) kwaye enye ibizwa ngokuba yi-achievable gain (Gre), ethathela ingqalelo ilahleko zokubonakalisa/zokungafani.
Ubudlelwane phakathi kokuzuza kunye nesikhokelo bu:
Ukuba i-antenna ihambelana ngokugqibeleleyo nomgca wothumelo, oko kukuthi, i-antenna input impedance iZin ilingana ne-characteristic impedance Zc yomgca (|Γ| = 0), ngoko ke i-gain kunye ne-achievable gain ziyalingana (Gre = G).
Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi ngee-antenna, nceda undwendwele:
Ixesha leposi: Juni-14-2024
