I-antennaumlinganiselo yinkqubo yokuvavanya ngokobungakanani kunye nokuhlalutya ukusebenza kwe-eriyali kunye neempawu. Ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zovavanyo ezikhethekileyo kunye neendlela zokulinganisa, silinganisa inzuzo, ipateni yemitha, umlinganiselo wamaza okuma, ukuphendula rhoqo kunye nezinye iiparitha ze-eriyali ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkcukacha zoyilo lwe-eriyali ziyahlangabezana neemfuno, jonga ukusebenza kwe-eriyali, kunye ukunika iingcebiso zokuphucula. Iziphumo kunye nedatha evela kwimilinganiselo ye-eriyali ingasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwe-antenna, ukulungelelanisa uyilo, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwenkqubo, kunye nokubonelela ngesikhokelo kunye nempendulo kubavelisi be-antenna kunye neenjineli zesicelo.
Izixhobo ezifunekayo kwiMilinganiselo ye-Antenna
Uvavanyo lwe-eriyali, esona sixhobo sisisiseko yi-VNA.Olona hlobo lulula lwe-VNA yi-1-port VNA, ekwaziyo ukulinganisa ukungasebenzi kwe-eriyali.
Ukulinganisa ipateni yemitha ye-eriyali, ukuzuza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kunzima kwaye kufuna izixhobo ezininzi. Siza kubiza i-eriyali ukuba ilinganiswe yi-AUT, emele i-Antenna phantsi koVavanyo. Izixhobo ezifunekayo zokulinganisa i-eriyali ziquka:
Ireferensi yereferensi-I-eriyali eneempawu ezaziwayo (inzuzo, ipateni, njl.njl)
I-RF Power Transmitter-Indlela yokutofa amandla kwi-AUT [I-Antenna iphantsi kovavanyo]
Inkqubo yomamkeli - Oku kugqiba ukuba angakanani amandla afunyenwe yi-eriyali yesalathiso
Inkqubo yokumisa - Le nkqubo isetyenziselwa ukujikelezisa i-eriyali yovavanyo ngokunxulumene nomthombo we-eriyali, ukulinganisa ipateni yemitha njengomsebenzi we-engile.
Umzobo webhloko wezixhobo ezingentla uboniswe kuMzobo woku-1.
Umzobo 1. Umzobo wesixhobo sokulinganisa i-eriyali efunekayo.
La macandelo aya kuxoxwa ngokufutshane. Ireferensi ye-Antenna kufuneka ngokuqinisekileyo ibonakale kakuhle ngamaxesha ovavanyo olufunekayo. Ii-eriyali zereferensi zidla ngokuba zii-eriyali zeempondo ezimbini, ukwenzela ukuba i-polarization ethe tye nethe nkqo inokulinganiswa ngexesha elinye.
INkqubo yoThutho kufuneka ikwazi ukukhupha umgangatho wamandla ozinzileyo owaziwayo. I-frequency yemveliso kufuneka ikwazi ukutyibilika (ikhetheke), kwaye izinze ngokufanelekileyo (izinzile ithetha ukuba i-frequency oyifumanayo kwi-transmitter ikufutshane ne-frequency oyifunayo, ayihlukanga kakhulu ngeqondo lobushushu). Isidluliseli kufuneka siqulathe amandla amancinci kuzo zonke ezinye iifrikhwensi (kuya kuhlala kukho amandla ngaphandle kwefrikhwensi oyifunayo, kodwa akufuneki kubekho amandla maninzi kwiiharmonics, umzekelo).
INkqubo yokuFumana ifuna nje ukumisela ukuba mangakanani amandla afunyenweyo kwi-eriyali yovavanyo. Oku kunokwenziwa kusetyenziswa imitha yamandla elula, esisixhobo sokulinganisa amandla eRF (irediyo frequency) kwaye inokudityaniswa ngokuthe ngqo kwiitheminali ze-eriyali ngentambo yothumelo (njengentambo yecoaxial enohlobo lwe-N okanye izihlanganisi ze-SMA). Ngokuqhelekileyo umamkeli yinkqubo ye-50 Ohm, kodwa ingaba yi-impedance eyahlukileyo ukuba icacisiwe.
Qaphela ukuba isixokelelwano sothumelo/yokufumana sihlala sithathelwa indawo yiVNA. Umlinganiselo we-S21 uhambisa i-frequency ngaphandle kwe-port 1 kwaye urekhoda amandla afunyenweyo kwi-port 2. Ngenxa yoko, i-VNA ifanelekile kulo msebenzi; nangona kunjalo asiyiyo kuphela indlela yokwenza lo msebenzi.
I-Positioning System ilawula ukuqhelaniswa ne-eriyali yovavanyo. Kuba sifuna ukulinganisa ipateni yemitha ye-eriyali yovavanyo njengomsebenzi we-engile (ngokwesiqhelo kwiindlela ezingqukuva), kufuneka sijikelezise i-eriyali yovavanyo ukuze i-eriyali yomthombo ikhanyise i-eriyali yovavanyo kuyo yonke i-engile enokwenzeka. Inkqubo yokubeka isetyenziselwa le njongo. KuMfanekiso 1, sibonisa i-AUT ijikeleziswa. Qaphela ukuba zininzi iindlela zokwenza oku kujikeleziswa; ngamanye amaxesha i-eriyali yesalathiso iyajikeleziswa, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zombini ireferensi kunye nee-eriyali ze-AUT zijikeleziswa.
Ngoku ekubeni sinazo zonke izixhobo ezifunekayo, sinokuxoxa ukuba masiyenze phi imilinganiselo.
Iphi indawo elungileyo kwimilinganiselo yethu ye-eriyali? Mhlawumbi ungathanda ukwenza oku kwigaraji yakho, kodwa ukubonakaliswa kweendonga, iisilingi kunye nomgangatho kuya kwenza imilinganiselo yakho ingachanekanga. Indawo efanelekileyo yokwenza imilinganiselo ye-eriyali ikwindawo engaphandle, apho kungabikho kubonakaliswa kuyakwenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba ukuhamba emajukujukwini ngoku kubiza kakhulu, siya kugxila kwiindawo zokulinganisa ezikumphezulu woMhlaba. I-Anechoic Chamber inokusetyenziselwa ukwahlula ukuseta uvavanyo lwe-eriyali ngelixa ifunxa amandla abonakalisiweyo nge-RF efunxa ugwebu.
Uluhlu lweSithuba saMahala (Amagumbi eAnechoic)
Uluhlu lwezithuba lwasimahla ziindawo zomlinganiselo we-eriyali eziyilelwe ukulinganisa imilinganiselo eya kwenziwa esithubeni. Oko kukuthi, onke amaza abonakalisiweyo avela kwizinto ezikufutshane kunye nomhlaba (ongafunekiyo) ucinezelwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Iindawo ezithandwa kakhulu kwiindawo ezikhululekile zingamagumbi e-anechoic, iindawo eziphakamileyo, kunye noluhlu oludibeneyo.
Amagumbi ane-Anechoic
Amagumbi ane-Anechoic ziindidi ze-eriyali zangaphakathi. Iindonga, iisilingi kunye nomgangatho zifakwe kwizinto ezikhethekileyo zokufunxa amaza ombane. Uluhlu lwangaphakathi luyanqweneleka kuba iimeko zovavanyo zinokulawulwa ngokungqongqo ngakumbi kunoluhlu lwangaphandle. Izinto eziphathekayo zihlala zijijekile ngobume ngokunjalo, zenza la magumbi anomdla kakhulu ukuwabona. Iimilo zikanxantathu ojijekileyo ziyilwe ukuze oko kubonakaliswa kuzo kuthande ukusasazeka kwiindlela ezingakhethiyo, kwaye oko kudityaniswe kunye kuzo zonke iziboniso ezingabonakaliyo zithande ukudibanisa ngokungaqhelekanga kwaye ngaloo ndlela zicinezelwe ngakumbi. Umfanekiso wegumbi le-anechoic uboniswe kulo mfanekiso ulandelayo, kunye nezinye izixhobo zovavanyo:
(Umfanekiso ubonisa uvavanyo lwe-eriyali ye-RFMISO)
I-drawback kumagumbi e-anechoic kukuba ahlala efuna ukuba makhulu kakhulu. Rhoqo ii-eriyali zifuna ukuba ngamaza amaninzi kude enye kwenye ubuncinci ukulinganisa iimeko zentsimi ekude. Ke ngoko, kwiifrikhwensi ezisezantsi ezinobude bamaza amakhulu sifuna amagumbi amakhulu kakhulu, kodwa iindleko kunye nezithintelo ezisebenzayo zihlala zinciphisa ubungakanani bazo. Ezinye iinkampani zekhontrakthi zokhuselo ezilinganisa iCandelo leRadar Cross leenqwelomoya ezinkulu okanye ezinye izinto zaziwa ngokuba namagumbi anechoic alingana neenkundla zebhola yomnyazi, nangona oku kungaqhelekanga. Iidyunivesithi ezinamagumbi e-anechoic zihlala zinamagumbi aziimitha ezi-3-5 ubude, ububanzi kunye nobude. Ngenxa yokunyanzelwa kobungakanani, kwaye ngenxa yokuba imathiriyeli efunxa iRF isebenza ngcono kwi-UHF nangaphezulu, amagumbi e-anechoic ahlala esetyenziselwa amaza angaphezulu kwe-300 MHz.
Uluhlu oluPhezulu
Uluhlu oluphakanyisiweyo luluhlu lwangaphandle. Kolu cwangciso, umthombo kunye ne-eriyali phantsi kovavanyo zixhonywe ngaphezu komhlaba. Ezi eriyali zinokuba phezu kweentaba, iinqaba, izakhiwo, okanye naphi na apho ubani abona kufanelekile. Oku kuhlala kusenzelwa ii-eriyali ezinkulu kakhulu okanye kumaza asezantsi (VHF nangaphantsi, <100 MHz) apho imilinganiselo yangaphakathi isenokungathinteleki. Umzobo osisiseko woluhlu oluphakamileyo uboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.
Umfanekiso 2. Umzobo woluhlu oluphakamileyo.
Umthombo we-eriyali (okanye ireferensi ye-eriyali) ayiyomfuneko ukuba iphakame ngaphezu kwe-eriyali yovavanyo, ndiyibonise ngolo hlobo apha. Umgca wokubona (i-LOS) phakathi kwee-eriyali ezimbini (eziboniswe yi-ray emnyama kuMfanekiso 2) kufuneka ungathinteki. Zonke ezinye izibonakaliso (ezifana ne-ray ebomvu ebonakaliswe emhlabeni) azifuneki. Kuluhlu oluphakamileyo, nje ukuba umthombo kunye nendawo yokuvavanya i-eriyali ifunyanisiwe, abasebenzi bovavanyo baye bagqibe apho imbonakalo ebalulekileyo iyakwenzeka khona, kwaye bazame ukunciphisa imbonakalo kule miphezulu. Amaxesha amaninzi imathiriyeli yokufunxa i-rf isetyenziselwa le njongo, okanye enye imathiriyeli ephambukisa imitha kude ne-eriyali yovavanyo.
Uluhlu oluqinileyo
I-eriyali yomthombo kufuneka ibekwe kwindawo ekude yovavanyo lwe-eriyali. Isizathu kukuba amaza afunyenwe yi-eriyali yovavanyo kufuneka ibe liza lenqwelomoya ukuchaneka okuphezulu. Kuba ii-eriyali zisasaza amaza angqukuva, i-eriyali ifuna ukuba kude ngokwaneleyo kangangokuba i-eriyali yomthombo imalunga namaza endiza-jonga uMfanekiso 3.
Umzobo 3. I-eriyali yomthombo ikhupha iliza kunye nomphambili ongqukuva.
Nangona kunjalo, kumagumbi angaphakathi kaninzi akukho ukwahlula okwaneleyo ukufezekisa oku. Enye indlela yokulungisa le ngxaki kuluhlu oludityanisiweyo. Ngale ndlela, i-eriyali yomthombo ijongiswe kwisibonisi, esimilo yayo iyilelwe ukubonisa i-antenna engqukuva ngendlela ecetywayo. Oku kufana kakhulu nomgaqo apho i-eriyali yesitya isebenza khona. Umsebenzi osisiseko uboniswe kuMfanekiso 4.
Umzobo 4. Uluhlu lweCompact - amaza angqukuva asuka kwi-eriyali yomthombo abonakaliswa njengeplani (i-collimated).
Ubude besibonisi separaboli ngokuqhelekileyo bunqweneleka ukuba bube bukhulu ngokuphindwe kaninzi njenge-eriyali yovavanyo. I-antenna yomthombo kwi-Figure 4 ikhutshwe kwisibonisi ukuze ingabi kwindlela yemitha ebonakalisiweyo. Kufuneka kuqwalaselwe kwakhona ukuze kugcinwe nayiphi na i-eriyali yovavanyo ethe ngqo (i-mutual coupling) ukusuka kwindawo yomthombo ukuya kwi-eriyali yovavanyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-03-2024
