1. Intshayelelo kwii-Antenna
I-antenna isakhiwo senguqu phakathi kwendawo ekhululekile kunye nomgca wokudlulisa, njengoko kuboniswe kuMzobo 1. Umgca wokuhambisa unokuba ngendlela yomgca we-coaxial okanye ityhubhu engenanto (waveguide), esetyenziselwa ukuhambisa amandla e-electromagnetic ukusuka kumthombo. ukuya kwi-eriyali, okanye ukusuka kwi-eriyali ukuya kumamkeli. Eyokuqala yi-eriyali yokudlulisa, kwaye le yokugqibela kukwamkelai-eriyali.
Umzobo 1 Indlela yokuhanjiswa kwamandla oMbane
Ukuhanjiswa kwenkqubo ye-antenna kwindlela yokudlulisa i-Figure 1 imelwe yi-Thevenin elinganayo njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Figure 2, apho umthombo ubonakaliswa ngujeneretha wesignali efanelekileyo, umgca wokuhambisa ubonakaliswa ngumgca kunye ne-impedance ye-Zc, kwaye i-eriyali imelwe ngumthwalo ZA [ZA = (RL + Rr) + jXA]. I-RL yokuchasana nomthwalo imele ilahleko yokuqhuba kunye ne-dielectric ehambelana nesakhiwo se-antenna, ngelixa i-Rr ibonisa ukuchasana kwe-radiation ye-antenna, kunye ne-reactance XA isetyenziselwa ukumela inxalenye yentelekelelo ye-impedance ehambelana nemitha ye-antenna. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, onke amandla aveliswa ngumthombo wesignali kufuneka adluliselwe kwi-radiation resistance Rr, esetyenziselwa ukumela amandla okusasazeka kwe-antenna. Nangona kunjalo, kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, kukho ilahleko ye-conductor-dielectric ngenxa yeempawu zomgca wokuhambisa kunye ne-antenna, kunye neelahleko ezibangelwa ukubonakaliswa (ukungafani) phakathi komgca wokuhambisa kunye ne-antenna. Ukuqwalasela i-impedance yangaphakathi yomthombo kunye nokungahoywa komgca wokudlulisa kunye nokubonakalisa (ukungafani) ilahleko, amandla aphezulu anikezelwa kwi-antenna phantsi kokudibanisa i-conjugate.
Umfanekiso wesi-2
Ngenxa yokungahambelani phakathi komgca wothumelo kunye ne-eriyali, i-wave ebonakalisiweyo ukusuka kujongano ibekwe ngaphezulu kunye ne-antenna yesiganeko ukusuka kumthombo ukuya kwi-eriyali ukwenza amaza okuma, amele ugxininiso lwamandla kunye nokugcinwa kwaye sisixhobo esiqhelekileyo se-resonant. Umzobo oqhelekileyo wokuma wamaza uboniswa ngumgca onamachaphaza kuMfanekiso 2. Ukuba inkqubo ye-antenna ayilwanga kakuhle, umgca wothumelo unokusebenza kakhulu njengento yokugcina amandla kunokuba i-waveguide kunye nesixhobo sokuhambisa amandla.
Ilahleko ebangelwa ngumgca wothumelo, i-eriyali kunye namaza amileyo ayinqweneleki. Ukulahleka komgca kungancitshiswa ngokukhetha imigca yokuhambisa ilahleko ephantsi, ngelixa ilahleko ye-antenna ingancitshiswa ngokunciphisa ukuchasana kwelahleko emelwe yi-RL kuMfanekiso 2. Amaza amileyo angancitshiswa kwaye ukugcinwa kwamandla kumgca kunokuncitshiswa ngokuhambelana nokuthintela i-eriyali (umthwalo) kunye ne-impedance yeempawu zomgca.
Kwiinkqubo ezingenazingcingo, ukongeza ekufumaneni okanye ekugqithiseni amandla, ii-eriyali zidla ngokufuneka ukomeleza amandla asasazeke kwiindlela ezithile kunye nokucinezela amandla okusasazeka kwamanye amacala. Ke ngoko, ukongeza kwizixhobo zokubona, ii-antenna kufuneka zisetyenziswe njengezixhobo ezikhokelayo. Ii-antenna zinokuba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile. Isenokuba ngocingo, i-aperture, i-patch, i-element assembly (array), i-reflector, i-lens, njl.
Kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano ezingenazingcingo, i-eriyali yenye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu. Uyilo oluhle lwe-antenna lunokunciphisa iimfuno zenkqubo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwenkqubo ngokubanzi. Umzekelo weklasikhi ngumabonwakude, apho ukwamkela ukusasazwa kunokuphuculwa ngokusebenzisa i-antennas ephezulu yokusebenza. Ii-eriyali ziinkqubo zonxibelelwano into amehlo ayiyo ebantwini.
2. Ukuhlelwa kwe-antenna
I-eriyali yophondo yi-eriyali ecwangcisiweyo, i-eriyali ye-microwave enesetyhula okanye i-rectangular cross-section evula ngokuthe ngcembe ekupheleni kwe-waveguide. Lolona hlobo lusetyenziswa kakhulu lwe-antenna ye-microwave. Indawo yalo yokusasazeka kwemitha imiselwa bubukhulu bomngxuma wophondo kunye nohlobo lokusasaza. Phakathi kwabo, impembelelo yodonga lwamaphondo kwi-radiation ingabalwa ngokusebenzisa umgaqo we-geometric diffraction. Ukuba ubude bophondo buhlala bungatshintshi, ubungakanani bokuvula kunye nokwahlukana kwesigaba se-quadratic buya kunyuka ngokunyuka kwe-angle yokuvula uphondo, kodwa inzuzo ayiyi kutshintsha kunye nobukhulu bokuvula. Ukuba i-frequency band yophondo idinga ukwandiswa, kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa entanyeni kunye nokuvula uphondo; umboniso uya kuncipha njengoko ubungakanani bembobo bukhula. Ulwakhiwo lwe-eriyali yophondo lulula, kwaye ipateni yemitha nayo ilula kwaye kulula ukuyilawula. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa njenge-eriyali ephakathi. Ii-eriyali ze-Parabolic reflector horn ezine-bandwidth ebanzi, ii-lobes ezisemacaleni aphantsi kunye nempumelelo ephezulu zihlala zisetyenziswa kunxibelelwano lwe-microwave relay.
RM-DCPHA105145-20(10.5-14.5GHz)
RM-BDHA1850-20(18-50GHz)
RM-SGHA430-10(1.70-2.60GHz)
2. I-eriyali yeMicrostrip
Ubume be-eriyali ye-microstrip ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe nge-dielectric substrate, i-radiator kunye nenqwelomoya ephantsi. Ubunzima be-dielectric substrate buncinci kakhulu kune-wavelength. Uluhlu oluncinci lwesinyithi olusezantsi kwe-substrate ludibaniswe kwi-plane yomhlaba, kwaye i-metal thin layer enemilo ethile yenziwe ngaphambili ngenkqubo ye-photolithography njenge-radiator. Ubume be-radiator bunokutshintshwa ngeendlela ezininzi ngokweemfuno.
Ukunyuka kobuchwepheshe bokudibanisa ii-microwave kunye neenkqubo ezintsha zokwenziwa kwemveliso kukhuthaze uphuhliso lwee-eriyali ze-microstrip. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-eriyali zemveli, i-eriyali ze-microstrip azincinci kuphela ngobukhulu, zilula ngobunzima, ziphantsi kwiprofayili, zilula ukuhambelana, kodwa zikwalula ukudibanisa, ixabiso eliphantsi, elilungele ukuveliswa kobuninzi, kwaye zineenzuzo zezinto ezahlukeneyo zombane. .
RM-MA424435-22(4.25-4.35GHz)
RM-MA25527-22(25.5-27GHz)
I-eriyali ye-waveguide slot yi-eriyali esebenzisa iindawo zokubeka kwisakhiwo se-waveguide ukufikelela kwimitha. Ngokuqhelekileyo iqulethe iipleyiti zentsimbi ezimbini ezihambelanayo ezenza i-waveguide enesithuba esincinci phakathi kwamacwecwe amabini. Xa amaza e-electromagnetic edlula kumsantsa we-waveguide, into eyenzeka kwi-resonance iya kwenzeka, ngaloo ndlela ivelisa indawo eyomeleleyo ye-electromagnetic kufutshane nomsantsa ukufikelela kwimitha. Ngenxa yobume bayo obulula, i-antenna ye-waveguide slot inokufezekisa i-broadband kunye ne-high-efficiency radiation, ngoko isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-radar, unxibelelwano, i-wireless sensors kunye nezinye iindawo kwi-microwave kunye ne-millimeter wave bands. Izibonelelo zayo ziquka ukusebenza kakuhle kwemitha, iimpawu zebroadband kunye nobuchule obuhle bokuchasana nokuphazamiseka, ngoko ke ithandwa ziinjineli kunye nabaphandi.
RM-PA7087-43(71-86GHz)
RM-PA1075145-32 (10.75-14.5GHz)
RM-SWA910-22(9-10GHz)
I-antenna ye-Biconical yi-eriyali ye-broadband ene-biconical structure, ebonakala ngokuphendula okubanzi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemitha. Amalungu amabini e-eriyali e-biconical ane-symmetrical enye kwenye. Ngolu lwakhiwo, ukusasazeka kwemitha esebenzayo kwibhendi yamaza okwenziwa ngokubanzi kunokufezekiswa. Idla ngokusetyenziswa kumacandelo anje ngohlalutyo lwe-spectrum, umlinganiselo wemitha kunye novavanyo lwe-EMC (ukuhambelana kombane). Ine-impedance efanelekileyo ehambelanayo kunye neempawu ze-radiation kwaye ilungele iimeko zesicelo ezifuna ukugubungela amaza amaninzi.
RM-BCA2428-4(24-28GHz)
RM-BCA218-4(2-18GHz)
I-eriyali ye-Spiral yi-eriyali ebanzi enesakhiwo esijikelezayo, esibonakala ngokuphendula okubanzi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemitha. I-antenna ye-Spiral ifezekisa ukuhlukahluka kwe-polarization kunye neempawu zemitha ye-wide-band ngokusebenzisa isakhiwo se-spiral coils, kwaye ifanele i-radar, unxibelelwano lwe-satellite kunye neenkqubo zonxibelelwano ezingenazintambo.
RM-PSA0756-3(0.75-6GHz)
RM-PSA218-2R(2-18GHz)
Ukuze ufunde ngakumbi ngee-eriyali, nceda undwendwele:
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-14-2024
