1. Intshayelelo kwi-Antennas
I-antenna sisakhiwo sotshintsho phakathi kwendawo ekhululekileyo kunye nomgca wothumelo, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1. Umgca wothumelo unokuba ngohlobo lomgca we-coaxial okanye ityhubhu engenanto (i-waveguide), esetyenziselwa ukudlulisa amandla e-electromagnetic ukusuka kumthombo ukuya kwi-antenna, okanye ukusuka kwi-antenna ukuya kwi-receiver. Eyokuqala yi-antenna ethumelayo, kwaye eyesibini yi-receiveri-antenna.
Umfanekiso 1 Indlela yokudlulisela amandla e-electromagnetic
Ukudluliselwa kwenkqubo ye-antenna kwimo yokudluliselwa koMfanekiso 1 kumelwa yi-Thevenin equivalent njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 2, apho umthombo umelwe yijenereyitha yesignali efanelekileyo, umgca wokudluliselwa umelwe ngumgca one-impedance ephawulekayo i-Zc, kwaye i-antenna imelwe yi-load ZA [ZA = (RL + Rr) + jXA]. Ukumelana nomthwalo i-RL imele ukuhanjiswa kunye nokulahleka kwe-dielectric okunxulunyaniswa nesakhiwo se-antenna, ngelixa i-Rr imele ukumelana nokukhanya kwe-antenna, kwaye i-reactance XA isetyenziselwa ukumela inxalenye ecingelwayo ye-impedance enxulunyaniswa nemitha ye-antenna. Phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, onke amandla aveliswa ngumthombo wesignali kufuneka adluliselwe kwi-radiation resistance Rr, esetyenziselwa ukumela amandla okukhanya kwe-antenna. Nangona kunjalo, kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, kukho ukulahleka kwe-conductor-dielectric ngenxa yeempawu zomgca wokudluliselwa kunye ne-antenna, kunye nokulahleka okubangelwa kukubonakaliswa (ukungalingani) phakathi komgca wokudluliselwa kunye ne-antenna. Xa kujongwa ukungakwazi ukuthintela kwangaphakathi komthombo kunye nokungawunaki umgca wokudlulisela kunye nokulahleka kokubonakalisa (ukungalingani), amandla aphezulu anikwa i-antenna phantsi kokuhambelana okudibeneyo.
Umfanekiso 2
Ngenxa yokungafani phakathi komgca wokudlulisela kunye ne-antenna, igagasi elibonakalayo elivela kujongano libekwe ngaphezulu kwegagasi lesiganeko elivela kumthombo ukuya kwi-antenna ukuze kwenziwe igagasi elimileyo, elimele uxinaniso lwamandla kunye nokugcinwa kwaye sisixhobo esiqhelekileyo sokuphendula. Ipateni eqhelekileyo yamaza amileyo iboniswa ngumgca onamachaphaza kuMfanekiso 2. Ukuba inkqubo ye-antenna ayenziwanga ngokufanelekileyo, umgca wokudlulisela unokusebenza kakhulu njengesixhobo sokugcina amandla endaweni yesixhobo sokuhambisa amaza kunye nesixhobo sokuhambisa amandla.
Ilahleko ezibangelwa ngumgca wothumelo, i-antenna kunye namaza amiyo azifuneki. Ilahleko zomgca zinokuncitshiswa ngokukhetha imigca yothumelo elahleko iphantsi, ngelixa ilahleko ze-antenna zinokuncitshiswa ngokunciphisa ukumelana nelahleko emelwe yi-RL kuMfanekiso 2. Amaza amiyo anokuncitshiswa kwaye ukugcinwa kwamandla kumgca kunokunciphisa ngokufanisa i-impedance ye-antenna (umthwalo) kunye ne-impedance ephawulekayo yomgca.
Kwiinkqubo ezingenazingcingo, ukongeza ekufumaneni okanye ekudluliseni amandla, ii-antenna zihlala zifuneka ukuze kuphuculwe amandla akhutshwayo kwiindlela ezithile kwaye kucinezelwe amandla akhutshwayo kwiindlela ezithile. Ke ngoko, ukongeza kwizixhobo zokufumanisa, ii-antenna kufuneka zisetyenziswe njengezixhobo ezikhokelayo. Ii-antenna zingaba kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile. Isenokuba yintambo, i-aperture, i-patch, i-element assembly (array), i-reflector, ilensi, njl.njl.
Kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano ezingenazingcingo, ii-antenna zezinye zezona zinto zibalulekileyo. Uyilo oluhle lwee-antenna lunokunciphisa iimfuno zenkqubo kwaye luphucule ukusebenza kwenkqubo iyonke. Umzekelo oqhelekileyo ngumabonwakude, apho ulwamkelo losasazo lunokuphuculwa ngokusebenzisa ii-antenna ezisebenza kakhulu. Ii-antenna zeenkqubo zonxibelelwano zifana namehlo ebantwini.
2. Ukwahlulwahlulwa kwee-Antena
I-antenna yempondo yi-antenna ejikelezileyo, i-antenna ye-microwave ene-cross-section ejikelezayo okanye engunxande evuleka kancinci kancinci ekupheleni kwe-waveguide. Lolona hlobo lwe-antenna ye-microwave esetyenziswa kakhulu. Intsimi yayo yemitha imiselwa bubungakanani bomngxuma wempondo kunye nohlobo lokusasazeka. Phakathi kwazo, impembelelo yodonga lwempondo kwimitha inokubalwa kusetyenziswa umgaqo we-geometric diffraction. Ukuba ubude bempondo abutshintshanga, ubungakanani bomngxuma kunye nomahluko wesigaba se-quadratic buya kwanda ngokwanda kwe-angle yokuvula kwempondo, kodwa i-gain ayitshintshi ngobukhulu bomngxuma. Ukuba ibhendi yefrikhwensi yempondo kufuneka yandiswe, kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa entanyeni kunye nomngxuma wempondo; ukubonakaliswa kuya kuncipha njengoko ubungakanani bomngxuma bukhula. Ulwakhiwo lwe-antenna yempondo lulula, kwaye ipateni yemitha ilula kwaye kulula ukuyilawula. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njenge-antenna ephakathi. Ii-antenna zempondo ze-parabolic reflector ezine-bandwidth ebanzi, ii-lobes ezisecaleni ezisezantsi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle zihlala zisetyenziswa kunxibelelwano lwe-microwave relay.
RM-DCPHA105145-20(10.5-14.5GHz)
RM-BDHA1850-20(18-50GHz)
RM-SGHA430-10(1.70-2.60GHz)
2. I-eriyali ye-microstrip
Ulwakhiwo lwe-microstrip antenna ludla ngokuba yi-dielectric substrate, i-radiator kunye ne-ground plane. Ubukhulu be-dielectric substrate buncinci kakhulu kunobude be-wavelength. Umaleko obhityileyo wesinyithi ezantsi kwe-substrate uqhagamshelwe kwi-ground plane, kwaye umaleko obhityileyo wesinyithi onemilo ethile wenziwa ngaphambili ngenkqubo ye-photolithography njenge-radiator. Imilo ye-radiator inokutshintshwa ngeendlela ezininzi ngokweemfuno.
Ukwanda kwetekhnoloji yokudibanisa ii-microwave kunye neenkqubo ezintsha zokuvelisa kuye kwakhuthaza uphuhliso lwee-antenna ze-microstrip. Xa kuthelekiswa nee-antenna zemveli, ii-antenna ze-microstrip azincinci nje kuphela ngobukhulu, zilula ngobunzima, ziphantsi kwiprofayili, kulula ukuzivumelanisa, kodwa zikwalula ukuzidibanisa, ziphantsi ngexabiso, zifanelekile kwimveliso enkulu, kwaye zikwanazo neenzuzo zeempawu zombane ezahlukeneyo.
RM-I-MA424435-22(4.25-4.35GHz)
RM-MA25527-22(25.5-27GHz)
3. I-antenna yeslothi ye-Waveguide
I-antenna ye-waveguide slot yi-antenna esebenzisa iindawo ezikwisakhiwo se-waveguide ukufezekisa imitha. Ihlala ineepleyiti ezimbini zesinyithi ezihambelanayo ezenza i-waveguide enesithuba esincinci phakathi kweepleyiti ezimbini. Xa amaza e-electromagnetic edlula kwisithuba se-waveguide, kuya kwenzeka into ye-resonance, ngaloo ndlela ivelise intsimi enamandla ye-electromagnetic kufutshane nesithuba ukuze ifezekise imitha. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esilula, i-antenna ye-waveguide slot inokufezekisa i-broadband kunye ne-high-efficiency radiation, ngoko ke isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-radar, unxibelelwano, ii-wireless sensors kunye nezinye iindawo kwii-microwave kunye ne-millimeter wave bands. Iingenelo zayo ziquka ukusebenza kakuhle kwemitha ephezulu, iimpawu ze-broadband kunye nokukwazi okuhle kokuchasana nokuphazamiseka, ngoko ke iyathandwa ziinjineli kunye nabaphandi.
RM-PA7087-43 （71-86GHz）
RM-PA1075145-32 (10.75-14.5GHz)
RM-SWA910-22(9-10GHz)
I-Antenna yeBiconical yi-antenna ye-broadband enesakhiwo se-biconical, esibonakaliswa yimpendulo ye-frequency ebanzi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemitha ephezulu. Amacandelo amabini e-conical e-antenna ye-biconical alingana. Ngale sakhiwo, imitha esebenzayo kwi-wide frequency band inokufezekiswa. Ihlala isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezifana nohlalutyo lwe-spectrum, umlinganiselo wemitha kunye novavanyo lwe-EMC (ukuhambelana kwe-electromagnetic). Ineempawu ezifanelekileyo zokufanisa i-impedance kunye nemitha kwaye ifanelekile kwiimeko zesicelo ezifuna ukugubungela ii-frequency ezininzi.
RM-BCA2428-4(24-28GHz）
RM-BCA218-4 （2-18GHz)
I-antenna ejikelezayo yi-antenna ebanzi enesakhiwo esijikelezayo, esibonakaliswa yimpendulo ebanzi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemitha ephezulu. I-antenna ejikelezayo ifikelela kwiintlobo ngeentlobo ze-polarization kunye neempawu zemitha ebanzi ngesakhiwo se-spiral coils, kwaye ifanelekile kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano lwe-radar, i-satellite kunye ne-wireless.
RM-PSA0756-3(0.75-6GHz)
RM-I-PSA218-2R(2-18GHz)
Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi ngee-antenna, nceda undwendwele:
Ixesha leposi: Juni-14-2024
