Iindaba - Uhlolo lwee-antenna zomgca wothumelo olusekelwe kwi-metaterials (Icandelo lesi-2)

2. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-MTM-TL kwiiNkqubo ze-Antenna
Eli candelo liza kugxila kwi-TLs ze-metaterial ezenziweyo kunye nezinye zezona zicelo zazo ziqhelekileyo nezifanelekileyo zokufezekisa izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo ze-antenna ngexabiso eliphantsi, ukwenziwa okulula, ukwenziwa okuncinci, i-bandwidth ebanzi, inzuzo ephezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, amandla okuskena ububanzi kunye neprofayili ephantsi. Zixoxwa ngezantsi.

1. Ii-antenna ze-broadband kunye nee-antenna ezininzi
Kwi-TL eqhelekileyo enobude be-l, xa i-angular frequency ω0 inikwe, ubude bombane (okanye isigaba) somgca wothumelo bungabalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Apho i-vp imele isantya sesigaba somgca wothumelo. Njengoko kunokubonwa kokungentla, i-bandwidth ihambelana ngokusondeleyo nokulibaziseka kweqela, okuyi-derivative ye-φ malunga ne-frequency. Ke ngoko, njengoko ubude bomgca wothumelo busiba mfutshane, i-bandwidth nayo iba banzi. Ngamanye amazwi, kukho ubudlelwane obuchaseneyo phakathi kwe-bandwidth kunye nesigaba esisisiseko somgca wothumelo, esikhethekileyo kuyilo. Oku kubonisa ukuba kwiisekethe zemveli ezisasazwe, i-bandwidth yokusebenza akulula ukuyilawula. Oku kunokubangelwa yimida yemigca yothumelo yendabuko ngokwemigangatho yenkululeko. Nangona kunjalo, izinto zokulayisha zivumela iiparameter ezongezelelweyo ukuba zisetyenziswe kwi-TLs ze-metaterial, kwaye impendulo yesigaba inokulawulwa kwinqanaba elithile. Ukuze kwandiswe i-bandwidth, kuyimfuneko ukuba nomthambeka ofanayo kufutshane ne-frequency yokusebenza yeempawu zokusasazwa. I-TL ye-metaterial yokwenziwa inokufezekisa le njongo. Ngokusekelwe kule ndlela, iindlela ezininzi zokuphucula i-bandwidth yee-antenna zicetywayo kwiphepha. Iingcali ziye zayila kwaye zenza ii-antenna ezimbini ze-broadband ezilayishwe ngee-resonators ze-split ring (jonga uMfanekiso 7). Iziphumo eziboniswe kuMfanekiso 7 zibonisa ukuba emva kokulayisha i-split ring resonator nge-monopole antenna eqhelekileyo, imo ye-resonant frequency ephantsi iyavuselelwa. Ubungakanani be-split ring resonator bulungiswa ukuze kufezekiswe i-resonance ekufutshane neyo ye-monopole antenna. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba xa ezi resonances zimbini zihambelana, iimpawu ze-bandwidth kunye ne-radiation ze-antenna ziyanda. Ubude kunye nobubanzi be-monopole antenna yi-0.25λ0×0.11λ0 kunye ne-0.25λ0×0.21λ0 (4GHz), ngokwahlukeneyo, kwaye ubude kunye nobubanzi be-monopole antenna elayishwe nge-split ring resonator yi-0.29λ0×0.21λ0 (2.9GHz), ngokwahlukeneyo. Kwi-antenna eqhelekileyo ye-F-shaped kunye ne-T-shaped ring resonator engena-split ring resonator, i-gain kunye ne-radiation efficiency ephezulu elinganiswe kwi-5GHz band yi-3.6dBi - 78.5% kunye ne-3.9dBi - 80.2%, ngokwahlukeneyo. Kwi-antenna elayishwe yi-split ring resonator, ezi parameters ziyi-4dBi - 81.2% kunye ne-4.4dBi - 83%, ngokulandelelana, kwi-6GHz band. Ngokusebenzisa i-split ring resonator njengomthwalo ohambelanayo kwi-monopole antenna, ii-2.9GHz ~ 6.41GHz kunye ne-2.6GHz ~ 6.6GHz bands zinokuxhaswa, zihambelana ne-fractional bandwidths ye-75.4% kunye ne-~87%, ngokulandelelana. Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-bandwidth yokulinganisa iphuculwe malunga namaxesha angama-2.4 kunye namaxesha angama-2.11 xa kuthelekiswa nee-monopole antennas zemveli ezinobukhulu obungaguqukiyo.

Umfanekiso 7. Ii-antenna ezimbini ze-broadband ezigcwele ii-resonators eziqhekekileyo.

Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 8, iziphumo zovavanyo ze-antenna ye-monopole eprintiweyo encinci ziyaboniswa. Xa i-S11≤-10 dB, i-bandwidth yokusebenza yi-185% (0.115-2.90 GHz), kwaye kwi-1.45 GHz, i-peak gain kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemitha yi-2.35 dBi kunye ne-78.8%, ngokulandelelana. Uyilo lwe-antenna lufana nesakhiwo seshiti esinxantathu esingasemva, esondla nge-curvilinear power divider. I-GND enqunqiweyo ine-stub ephakathi ebekwe phantsi kwe-feeder, kwaye iiringi ezine ezivulekileyo ze-resonant zisasazwa ngeenxa zonke kuyo, nto leyo eyandisa i-bandwidth ye-antenna. I-antenna ikhanya phantse kuyo yonke indawo, igubungela uninzi lweebhendi ze-VHF kunye ne-S, kunye nazo zonke iibhendi ze-UHF kunye ne-L. Ubungakanani bomzimba be-antenna yi-48.32×43.72×0.8 mm3, kwaye ubungakanani bombane yi-0.235λ0×0.211λ0×0.003λ0. Inezibonelelo zobukhulu obuncinci kunye nexabiso eliphantsi, kwaye inamathuba okusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano ezingenazingcingo ze-broadband.

Umfanekiso 8: I-antenna yeMonopole efakwe i-split ring resonator.

Umfanekiso 9 ubonisa isakhiwo se-antenna esicwangcisiweyo esiqulathe iiperi ezimbini ze-meander wire loops ezidityanisiweyo ezisekelwe kwi-ground plane eqingqiweyo enomfanekiso we-T ngokusebenzisa ii-vias ezimbini. Ubungakanani be-antenna yi-38.5×36.6 mm2 (0.070λ0×0.067λ0), apho i-λ0 yi-free space wavelength ye-0.55 GHz. I-antenna ikhanya kwicala ngalinye kwi-E-plane kwi-operating frequency band ye-0.55 ~ 3.85 GHz, kunye ne-gain ephezulu ye-5.5dBi kwi-2.35GHz kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-90.1%. Ezi mpawu zenza i-antenna ecetywayo ifaneleke kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya i-UHF RFID, i-GSM 900, i-GPS, i-KPCS, i-DCS, i-IMT-2000, i-WiMAX, i-WiFi kunye ne-Bluetooth.

Umfanekiso 9 Ulwakhiwo lwe-antenna olucetywayo.

2. I-Antenna Yamaza Avuzayo (LWA)
I-antenna entsha ye-leaky wave yenye yezona zicelo ziphambili zokufezekisa i-TL ye-metaterial yokwenziwa. Kwi-antenna ze-leaky wave ezivuzayo, isiphumo se-phase constant β kwi-angle ye-radiation (θm) kunye nobubanzi be-beam obukhulu (Δθ) yile ilandelayo:

U-L bubude be-antenna, u-k0 yinombolo ye-wave kwindawo ekhululekileyo, kwaye u-λ0 yi-wavevelth kwindawo ekhululekileyo. Qaphela ukuba i-radiation yenzeka kuphela xa |β|

3. I-antenna ye-resonator engena-odolo
Ipropati eyahlukileyo ye-CRLH metamaterial kukuba i-β ingaba ngu-0 xa i-frequency ingalingani no-zero. Ngokusekelwe kolu phawu, i-resonator entsha ye-zero-order (ZOR) inokwenziwa. Xa i-β ingu-zero, akukho tshintsho lwesigaba oluqhubekayo kwi-resonator iyonke. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-phase shift constant φ = - βd = 0. Ukongeza, i-resonance ixhomekeke kuphela kumthwalo osabelayo kwaye ayixhomekekanga kubude besakhiwo. Umfanekiso 10 ubonisa ukuba i-antenna ecetywayo yenziwe ngokusebenzisa iiyunithi ezimbini nezintathu ezine-E-shape, kwaye ubungakanani obupheleleyo yi-0.017λ0 × 0.006λ0 × 0.001λ0 kunye ne-0.028λ0 × 0.008λ0 × 0.001λ0, ngokwahlukeneyo, apho i-λ0 imele ubude be-wavelength yendawo ekhululekileyo kwii-frequency zokusebenza ze-500 MHz kunye ne-650 MHz, ngokwahlukeneyo. I-antenna isebenza kwiifrikhwensi ze-0.5-1.35 GHz (0.85 GHz) kunye ne-0.65-1.85 GHz (1.2 GHz), kunye neebhendi ezihambelanayo ze-91.9% kunye ne-96.0%. Ukongeza kwiimpawu zobukhulu obuncinci kunye nebhendi ebanzi, inzuzo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwee-antenna zokuqala nezesibini yi-5.3dBi kunye ne-85% (1GHz) kunye ne-5.7dBi kunye ne-90% (1.4GHz), ngokwahlukeneyo.

Umzobo 10 Izakhiwo ze-antenna ezicetywayo ze-double-E kunye ne-triple-E.

4. I-Antena yeSlot
Kuye kwacetyiswa indlela elula yokwandisa umngxuma we-antenna ye-CRLH-MTM, kodwa ubungakanani bayo be-antenna abutshintshanga phantse. Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 11, i-antenna iquka iiyunithi ze-CRLH ezibekwe ngokuthe nkqo phezu komnye nomnye, eziqulathe amabala kunye nemigca ejikelezayo, kwaye kukho indawo enomfanekiso we-S kwi-patch. I-antenna yondliwa yi-stub ehambelana ne-CPW, kwaye ubukhulu bayo yi-17.5 mm × 32.15 mm × 1.6 mm, ehambelana ne-0.204λ0×0.375λ0×0.018λ0, apho i-λ0 (3.5GHz) imele ubude be-wavelength yendawo ekhululekileyo. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-antenna isebenza kwi-frequency band ye-0.85-7.90GHz, kwaye i-bandwidth yayo yokusebenza yi-161.14%. Ukwanda okuphezulu kwemitha kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-antenna kubonakala kwi-3.5GHz, eziyi-5.12dBi kunye ne-~80%, ngokwahlukeneyo.