Uyilo oludibeneyo lwe-Antenna-Rectifier
Uphawu lwee-rectenna ezilandela i-EG topology kuMfanekiso 2 kukuba i-antenna ihambelana ngqo ne-rectifier, endaweni yomgangatho we-50Ω, ofuna ukunciphisa okanye ukususa isekethe yokufanisa ukuze kunikwe amandla i-rectifier. Eli candelo liphonononga iingenelo ze-SoA rectennas ngee-antenna ezingezizo ze-50Ω kunye nee-rectennas ngaphandle kweenethiwekhi zokufanisa.
1. Ii-Antennas ezincinci zombane
Ii-antenna ze-LC resonant ring zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo apho ubungakanani benkqubo bubalulekile. Kwii-frequency ezingaphantsi kwe-1 GHz, ubude be-wavelength bunokubangela ukuba ii-antennas ze-standard distribution element zithathe indawo engaphezulu kunobukhulu benkqubo iyonke, kwaye iinkqubo ezifana nee-transceivers ezihlanganisiweyo ngokupheleleyo zee-implants zomzimba zixhamla ngakumbi ekusebenziseni ii-antennas ezincinci zombane ze-WPT.
I-impedance ephezulu ye-antenna encinci (kufuphi ne-resonance) ingasetyenziselwa ukudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo i-rectifier okanye nenethiwekhi eyongezelelweyo yokufanisa i-on-chip capacitive. Ii-antenna ezincinci zombane ziye zaxelwa kwi-WPT ene-LP kunye ne-CP ngaphantsi kwe-1 GHz kusetyenziswa ii-antenna ze-Huygens dipole, kunye ne-ka=0.645, ngelixa i-ka=5.91 kwii-dipole eziqhelekileyo (ka=2πr/λ0).
2. I-antenna edibanisa i-Rectifier
I-input impedance eqhelekileyo ye-diode inamandla kakhulu, ngoko ke i-antenna evuselelayo iyadingeka ukuze kufunyanwe i-conjugate impedance. Ngenxa ye-capacitive impedance ye-chip, ii-antenna ezivuselelayo ezivuselelayo ezixhasayo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiithegi ze-RFID. Ii-antenna zeDipole kutshanje ziye zaba ngumkhwa kwi-antenna ze-RFID ezicinezelayo ezintsonkothileyo, zibonisa i-impedance ephezulu (ukuxhathisa kunye nokusabela) kufutshane ne-frequency yazo ye-resonant.
Ii-antenna ze-inductive dipole zisetyenzisiwe ukulinganisa amandla aphezulu e-rectifier kwi-frequency band yomdla. Kwi-antenna ye-dipole egoqiweyo, umgca omfutshane kabini (i-dipole folding) usebenza njenge-impedance transformer, ovumela uyilo lwe-antenna ye-impedance ephezulu kakhulu. Ngaphandle koko, i-bias feeding inoxanduva lokwandisa i-inductive reactance kunye ne-impedance yokwenyani. Ukudibanisa izinto ezininzi ze-dipole ezibi kunye nee-radial stubs ezingalinganiyo kwenza i-antenna ye-broadband ephezulu ye-impedance. Umfanekiso 4 ubonisa ezinye ii-antenna ezibikiweyo ze-rectifier conjugate.
Umfanekiso 4
Iimpawu zemitha kwi-RFEH kunye ne-WPT
Kwimodeli yeFriis, amandla e-PRX afunyanwa yi-antenna kumgama we-d ukusuka kwi-transmitter ngumsebenzi othe ngqo we-receiver kunye ne-transmitter gains (GRX, GTX).
I-antenna's main lobe direction kunye ne-polarization zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubungakanani bamandla aqokelelweyo kwi-incident wave. Iimpawu ze-antenna radiation ziiparameter eziphambili ezahlula phakathi kwe-ambient RFEH kunye ne-WPT (Umfanekiso 5). Nangona kuzo zombini izicelo, i-propagation medium ingaziwa kwaye isiphumo sayo kwi-received wave kufuneka siqwalaselwe, ulwazi lwe-transmitter antenna lunokusetyenziswa. Itheyibhile 3 ichonga iiparameter eziphambili ezixutyushwa kweli candelo kunye nokusebenza kwazo kwi-RFEH kunye ne-WPT.
Umfanekiso 5
1. Ulwalathiso kunye nenzuzo
Kwiinkqubo ezininzi ze-RFEH kunye ne-WPT, kucingelwa ukuba umqokeleli akayazi indlela yemitha yesiganeko kwaye akukho ndlela yokujonga umgca (LoS). Kulo msebenzi, uyilo oluninzi lwe-antenna kunye nokubekwa kuye kwaphandwa ukuze kuphuculwe amandla afunyenweyo avela kumthombo ongaziwayo, ngaphandle kokulungelelaniswa kwe-lobe ephambili phakathi komthumeli kunye nommkeli.
Ii-antenna ezisebenzisa i-Omnidirectional zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-RFEH rectennas ezikwimeko yendalo. Kwiincwadi, i-PSD iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela i-antenna ebekwe ngayo. Nangona kunjalo, umahluko kumandla awukachazwa, ngoko ke akunakwenzeka ukumisela ukuba umahluko ubangelwa yipateni yemitha ye-antenna okanye ukungalingani kwe-polarization.
Ukongeza kwizicelo ze-RFEH, ii-antennas ezisebenzisa i-high-gain directional kunye nee-arrays ziye zaxelwa ngokubanzi kwi-microwave WPT ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuqokelelwa kwamandla aphantsi e-RF okanye ukoyisa ilahleko zokusasazeka. Ii-Yagi-Uda rectenna arrays, ii-bowtie arrays, ii-spiral arrays, ii-tightly coupled Vivaldi arrays, ii-CPW CP arrays, kunye nee-patch arrays ziphakathi kweenkqubo ze-scalable rectenna ezinokwandisa uxinano lwamandla esiganeko phantsi kwendawo ethile. Ezinye iindlela zokuphucula i-antenna gain ziquka itekhnoloji ye-substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) kwii-microwave kunye nee-millimeter wave bands, ezithile kwi-WPT. Nangona kunjalo, ii-high-gain rectennas zibonakaliswa yi-beadwidths encinci, okwenza ukwamkelwa kwamaza kwiindlela ezingaqhelekanga kungasebenzi kakuhle. Uphando kwinani lezinto ze-antenna kunye neeports lugqibe kwelokuba i-directivity ephezulu ayihambelani namandla aphezulu avuniweyo kwi-RFEH engqongileyo xa kucingelwa ukuba i-three-dimensional arrays iyenzeka; oku kuqinisekiswe ngokulinganisa intsimi kwiindawo zasezidolophini. Ii-high-gain arrays zinokukhawulelwa kwizicelo ze-WPT.
Ukudlulisela iingenelo zee-antenna ezifumana inzuzo ephezulu kwii-RFEH ezingacwangciswanga, kusetyenziswa izisombululo zokupakisha okanye zoyilo ukuze koyiswe ingxaki yokuqondisa. I-antenna wristband ene-patch ezimbini icetyiswa ukuba iqokelele amandla avela kwii-RFEH ze-Wi-Fi ezikufutshane kwiindlela ezimbini. Ii-antenna ze-RFEH zeselula ezikufutshane nazo ziyilwe njengeebhokisi ze-3D kwaye ziprintwe okanye zinamathele kwiindawo zangaphandle ukunciphisa indawo yenkqubo kunye nokwenza ukuba kuvunwe ngeendlela ezininzi. Izakhiwo ze-cubic rectenna zibonisa amathuba aphezulu okufumana amandla kwii-RFEH ezikufutshane.
Uphuculo kuyilo lwe-antenna ukuze kwandiswe ububanzi be-beadwidth, kuquka nezinto ezincedisayo ze-parasitic patch, lwenziwe ukuphucula i-WPT kwi-2.4 GHz, ii-arrays ze-4 × 1. I-antenna ye-6 GHz eneendawo ze-beam ezininzi nayo icetyisiwe, ibonisa ii-beams ezininzi nge-port nganye. Ii-rectennas zomphezulu we-multi-port, i-multi-rectifier kunye ne-energy harvesting ezineepateni ze-radiation ze-omnidirectional ziye zacetywa kwi-RFEH ene-multi-directional kunye ne-multi-polarized. Ii-rectifiers ezininzi ezine-beamforming matrices kunye ne-multi-port antenna arrays nazo zicetyisiwe kwi-high-gain, multi-directional energy harvesting.
Ngamafutshane, nangona ii-antennas ezine-high-gain zikhethwa ukuphucula amandla afunyenwe kwi-RF densities ephantsi, ii-high-directional receivers zisenokungabi zifanelekileyo kwizicelo apho ulwalathiso lokudlulisela lungaziwa (umz., i-ambient RFEH okanye i-WPT ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokusasazeka ezingaziwayo). Kulo msebenzi, kucetyiswa iindlela ezininzi ze-multi-beam ze-multi-directional high-gain WPT kunye ne-RFEH.
2. Ukwahlulahlula kwee-antenna
I-Antenna polarization ichaza intshukumo ye-electric field vector xa ithelekiswa ne-antenna propagation direction. Ukungalingani kwe-polarization kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukudluliselwa/ukwamkelwa phakathi kwee-antenna nokuba izikhokelo eziphambili ze-lobe zilungelelanisiwe. Umzekelo, ukuba i-antenna ye-LP ethe nkqo isetyenziselwa ukudluliselwa kwaye i-antenna ye-LP ethe tye isetyenziselwa ukwamkela, akukho mandla aya kwamkelwa. Kweli candelo, iindlela ezixeliweyo zokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-wireless reception kunye nokuphepha ukulahleka kwe-polarization mismatch ziyajongwa. Isishwankathelo soyilo olucetywayo lwe-rectenna malunga ne-polarization sinikwe kuMfanekiso 6 kwaye umzekelo we-SoA unikwe kwiTheyibhile 4.
Umfanekiso 6
Kunxibelelwano lweselula, ulungelelwaniso lwe-linear polarization phakathi kwezikhululo zesiseko kunye neefowuni eziphathwayo akunakwenzeka ukuba lufezekiswe, ngoko ke ii-antenna zesikhululo sesiseko zenzelwe ukuba zibe ne-dual-polarized okanye i-multi-polarized ukuthintela ukulahleka kokungafani kwe-polarization. Nangona kunjalo, umahluko we-polarization wamaza e-LP ngenxa yeziphumo ze-multipath uhlala ungoyingxaki. Ngokusekelwe kwingcinga yezikhululo zesiseko zeselula ezine-polarized ezininzi, ii-antenna ze-RFEH zeselula zenzelwe njengee-antenna ze-LP.
Ii-rectenna ze-CP zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-WPT kuba azikwazi ukumelana nokungafani. Ii-antenna ze-CP ziyakwazi ukufumana i-rediation ye-CP enecala elifanayo lokujikeleza (i-CP yesandla sasekhohlo okanye sasekunene) ukongeza kuzo zonke ii-LP waves ngaphandle kokulahleka kwamandla. Nokuba kunjalo, i-antenna ye-CP iyathumela kwaye i-antenna ye-LP ifumana ngokulahleka kwe-3 dB (ukulahleka kwamandla kwe-50%). Ii-rectenna ze-CP zixelwe ukuba zifanelekile kwiibhendi ze-900 MHz kunye ne-2.4 GHz kunye ne-5.8 GHz zoshishino, zesayensi, kunye nezonyango kunye namaza e-millimeter. Kwi-RFEH yamaza ahlukaniswe ngokungakhethiyo, ukwahluka kwe-polarization kubonisa isisombululo esinokubakho sokulahlekelwa kokungafani kwe-polarization.
I-polarization epheleleyo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-multi-polarization, icetyisiwe ukuba yoyise ngokupheleleyo ilahleko ze-polarization mismatch, nto leyo evumela ukuqokelelwa kwamaza e-CP kunye ne-LP, apho izinto ezimbini ze-LP ezine-dual-polarized orthogonal zamkela ngokufanelekileyo onke amaza e-LP kunye ne-CP. Ukubonisa oku, ii-voltages ze-net ezithe nkqo nezithe tye (VV kunye ne-VH) zihlala zingaguquki nokuba i-angle ye-polarization ithini:
Intsimi yombane ye-CP electromagnetic wave “E”, apho amandla aqokelelwa khona kabini (kanye ngeyunithi nganye), ngaloo ndlela ifumana ngokupheleleyo icandelo le-CP kwaye yoyise ilahleko yokungafani kwe-3 dB polarization:
Okokugqibela, ngokusebenzisa indibaniselwano ye-DC, amaza eziganeko ze-arrangement polarization anokufunyanwa. Umfanekiso 7 ubonisa i-geometry ye-rectenna echazwe ngokupheleleyo e-polarized.
Umfanekiso 7
Ngamafutshane, kwizicelo zeWPT ezinezixhobo zombane ezizinikeleyo, i-CP iyathandwa kuba iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kweWPT nokuba i-engile ye-polarization ye-antenna ingakanani na. Kwelinye icala, ekufumaneni imithombo emininzi, ingakumbi kwimithombo ye-ambient, ii-antenna ezi-polarized ngokupheleleyo zinokufikelela kulwamkelo olungcono ngokubanzi kunye nokuphatheka okuphezulu; uyilo lwe-multi-port/multi-rectifier luyafuneka ukudibanisa amandla a-polarized ngokupheleleyo kwi-RF okanye kwi-DC.
Isishwankathelo
Eli phepha liphonononga inkqubela yakutshanje kuyilo lwee-antenna ze-RFEH kunye ne-WPT, kwaye licebisa udidi oluqhelekileyo loyilo lwee-antenna ze-RFEH kunye ne-WPT olungakhange lucetyiswe kwiincwadi zangaphambili. Iimfuno ezintathu ezisisiseko ze-antenna zokufezekisa ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-RF-to-DC zichongiwe njengezi:
1. I-bandwidth ye-impedance ye-antenna rectifier ye-RFEH kunye ne-WPT bands ezinomdla;
2. Ulungelelwaniso oluphambili lwe-lobe phakathi komthumeli kunye nomkeli kwi-WPT ukusuka kwi-feed ekhethekileyo;
3. Ukudibanisa i-polarization phakathi kwe-rectenna kunye ne-incident wave kungakhathaliseki i-engile kunye nendawo.
Ngokusekelwe kwi-impedance, ii-rectenna zahlulwe zibe yi-50Ω kwaye i-rectifier conjugate rectennas, kugxilwe ekufanisweni kwe-impedance phakathi kweebhendi ezahlukeneyo kunye nemithwalo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwendlela nganye yokufanisa.
Iimpawu zemitha ye-SoA rectennas zihlolwe ngokwembono ye-directivity kunye ne-polarization. Iindlela zokuphucula i-gain ngokufaka i-beamforming kunye nokupakisha ukuze koyiswe ububanzi obuncinci be-beamwidth ziyaxoxwa. Okokugqibela, ii-CP rectennas ze-WPT ziyahlolwa, kunye nokusetyenziswa okuhlukeneyo ukuze kufezekiswe ukwamkelwa okuzimeleyo kwe-polarization kwi-WPT kunye ne-RFEH.
Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi ngee-antenna, nceda undwendwele:
Ixesha leposi: Agasti-16-2024
