I-Antenna-Rectifier Co-design
Uphawu lweerectenna ezilandela i-EG topology kwi-Figure 2 kukuba i-antenna ihambelana ngokuthe ngqo kwi-rectifier, kunokuba umgangatho we-50Ω, ofuna ukunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa isiphaluka esihambelanayo ukuze kunikwe amandla umlungisi. Eli candelo liphonononga inzuzo ye-SoA rectennas kunye ne-non-50Ω i-eriyali kunye ne-rectennas ngaphandle kwamanethiwekhi ahambelanayo.
1. Ii-Antenna ezincinci zoMbane
I-LC resonant ring antennas isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwizicelo apho ubungakanani benkqubo bubaluleke kakhulu. Kwii-frequencies ezingaphantsi kwe-1 GHz, ubude be-wavelength bunokubangela ukuba ii-eriyali ezisasazwayo eziqhelekileyo zithathe indawo eninzi kunobukhulu benkqubo, kwaye izicelo ezifana nee-transceivers ezidityanisiweyo ngokupheleleyo zokufakelwa komzimba zixhamla ngokukodwa ekusebenziseni i-eriyali ezincinci zombane ze-WPT.
I-impedance ephezulu ye-eriyali encinci (kufuphi ne-resonance) ingasetyenziselwa ukudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo isilungisi okanye nge-on-chip capacitive ehambelanayo yenethiwekhi eyongezelelweyo. Ii-eriyali ezincinci zombane ziye zaxelwa kwi-WPT nge-LP kunye ne-CP engaphantsi kwe-1 GHz usebenzisa i-eriyali ye-Huygens dipole, kunye ne-ka = 0.645, ngelixa i-ka = 5.91 kwii-dipoles eziqhelekileyo (ka = 2πr / λ0).
2. Isilungisi se-eriyali ye-conjugate
I-impedance yegalelo eliqhelekileyo le-diode linamandla kakhulu, ngoko ke i-eriyali e-inductive iyafuneka ukufezekisa i-conjugate impedance. Ngenxa ye-capacitive impedance ye-chip, ii-eriyali eziphezulu ze-impedance inductive zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiithegi ze-RFID. Ii-antenna ze-Dipole zisandula ukuba ngumkhwa kwi-eriyali ye-Impedance ye-RFID, ebonisa i-impedance ephezulu (ukuchasa kunye nokusabela) kufutshane ne-resonant frequency.
Ii-eriyali ze-dipole ezisebenzayo zisetyenziselwe ukuhambelana ne-capacitance ephezulu ye-rectifier kwi-frequency band yomdla. Kwi-antenna ye-dipole esongiweyo, umgca omfutshane ophindwe kabini (ukusonga kwe-dipole) usebenza njenge-impedans transformer, evumela uyilo lwe-eriyali ye-impedance ephezulu kakhulu. Kungenjalo, ukondla okunomkhethe kunoxanduva lokunyusa ukusabela kwe-inductive kunye ne-impedance eyiyo. Ukudibanisa izinto ezininzi ze-dipole enomkhethe kunye ne-bow-tie radial stubs engalungelelananga zenza i-eriyali ye-impedance ephindwe kabini. Umzobo we-4 ubonisa ezinye ii-eriyali ze-conjugate ezihlaziyiweyo.
Umzobo 4
Iimpawu zemitha kwi-RFEH kunye ne-WPT
Kwimodeli yeFris, amandla e-PRX afunyenwe yi-eriyali kumgama d ukusuka kwi-transmitter ngumsebenzi othe ngqo we-receiver kunye ne-transmitter gains (GRX, GTX).
Eyona nto iphambili ye-eriyali yokuqondisa i-lobe kunye ne-polarization ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo isixa samandla aqokelelwe kumaza esiganeko. Iimpawu zemitha ye-antenna ziiparamitha eziphambili ezahlula phakathi kwe-RFEH kunye ne-WPT (Figure 5). Ngelixa kuzo zombini izicelo i-propagation medium ingaziwa kwaye umphumo wayo kwi-wave efunyenweyo kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo, ulwazi lwe-antenna yokudlulisa lunokusetyenziswa. Itheyibhile 3 ichonga iiparamitha eziphambili ezixoxwe kweli candelo kunye nokusebenza kwazo kwi-RFEH kunye ne-WPT.
Umfanekiso wesi-5
1. Directivity kunye Ukuzuza
Kwiinkqubo ezininzi ze-RFEH kunye ne-WPT, kucingelwa ukuba umqokeleli akalazi isalathiso se-radiation yesiganeko kwaye akukho ndlela yokubona (LoS). Kulo msebenzi, uyilo lwe-eriyali ezininzi kunye nokubekwa kuye kwaphandwa ukuze kwandiswe amandla afunyenweyo kumthombo ongaziwayo, ozimeleyo kwi-lobe engundoqo yokulungelelaniswa phakathi komthumeli kunye nomamkeli.
Ii-antenna ze-Omnidirectional zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-RFEH rectennas yokusingqongileyo. Kuncwadi, i-PSD iyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwi-antenna. Nangona kunjalo, ukwahluka kwamandla akukacaciswanga, ngoko ke akunakwenzeka ukumisela ukuba ukwahluka kungenxa yepateni yemitha ye-eriyali okanye ngenxa yokungahambelani kwepolarization.
Ukongeza kwizicelo ze-RFEH, i-eriyali ezalatha inzuzo ephezulu kunye noluhlu ziye zaxelwa ngokubanzi kwi-microwave WPT ukuphucula ukuqokelelwa kokusebenza koxinano lwamandla eRF okanye ukoyisa ilahleko yosasazo. I-Yagi-Uda i-rectenna arrays, i-bowtie arrays, i-spiral arrays, i-Vivaldi arrays edityanisiweyo ngokuqinileyo, i-CPW CP i-arrays, kunye ne-patch arrays ziphakathi kokuphunyezwa kwe-rectenna e-scalable enokwandisa ubuninzi bamandla esiganeko phantsi kwendawo ethile. Ezinye iindlela zokuphucula ukuzuzwa kwe-antenna ziquka i-substrate edibeneyo ye-waveguide (SIW) iteknoloji kwi-microwave kunye ne-millimeter wave bands, ngokukodwa kwi-WPT. Nangona kunjalo, i-rectennas enenzuzo ephezulu ibonakaliswe ngama-beamwidths amancinci, okwenza ukwamkelwa kwamaza kwiindlela ezingaqhelekanga kungasebenzi kakuhle. Uphando kwinani lezinto ze-eriyali kunye namazibuko agqibe kwelokuba ulwalathiso oluphezulu aluhambelani namandla avuniweyo aphezulu kwi-RFEH ekwi-ambient ethatha isehlo esinamacala amathathu; oku kuye kwaqinisekiswa yimilinganiselo yemimandla engqongileyo yasezidolophini. Uluhlu lwenzuzo ephezulu inokulinganiselwa kwiinkqubo zeWPT.
Ukutshintshela izibonelelo zee-eriyali zenzuzo ephezulu ukuya kwii-RFEH ezingafanelekanga, ukupakishwa okanye izisombululo zoyilo zisetyenziselwa ukoyisa umba wokuqondisa. Ibhande leeriyali elinezipetshi ezimbini liyacetywa ukuba livune amandla kwi-Wi-Fi RFEHs kumacala amabini. Ii-eriyali ze-Ambient zeselula ze-RFEH zikwayilwe njengeebhokisi ze-3D kwaye ziprintwe okanye zinamathele kumphezulu wangaphandle ukunciphisa indawo yenkqubo kunye nokwenza ukuba kuvunwe ngeendlela ezininzi. Izakhiwo zeCubic rectenna zibonisa amathuba aphezulu okufumana amandla kwii-RFEH ezingqongileyo.
Ukuphuculwa koyilo lwe-antenna ukwandisa i-beamidth, kubandakanywa izinto ezincedisayo ze-parasitic patch, zenziwe ukuphucula i-WPT kwi-2.4 GHz, i-4 × i-1 arrays. Kwacetywa i-eriyali ye-6 GHz enemiqadi emininzi, ebonisa imiqadi emininzi kwizibuko ngalinye. Ii-multi-port, ii-rectenna zomphezulu ezilungisa izinto ezininzi kunye nee-eriyali zokuvuna amandla ezineepateni zemitha ye-omnidirectional ziye zacetywa kwi-RFEH enamacala amaninzi kunye ne-multi-polarized RFEH. Izinto ezininzi zokulungisa ezinematriki ezikhazimlayo kunye noluhlu lwee-eriyali eziziizibuko ezininzi ziye zacetywa ukuba zibe nenzuzo ephezulu, ukuvunwa kwamandla ngeendlela ezininzi.
Ngamafutshane, ngelixa ii-eriyali ezifumana inzuzo ephezulu zikhethwa ukuphucula amandla avunwe kuxinzelelo lweRF olusezantsi, abamkeli abakhokelayo kakhulu basenokungafanelanga kwizicelo apho umkhomba-ndlela wesidlulisi ungaziwa (umzekelo, i-RFEH okanye i-WPT ngeendlela ezingaziwayo zosasazo). Kulo msebenzi, iindlela ezininzi ze-multi-beam zicetywayo kwi-multi-directional high-gain ye-WPT kunye ne-RFEH.
2. I-Antenna Polarization
I-antenna polarization ichaza intshukumo yevector yentsimi yombane ngokunxulumene nesalathiso sokusasaza kwe-eriyali. Ukungahambelani kwepolarization kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukuhanjiswa/ukwamkelwa phakathi kwee-eriyali naxa izikhokelo zelobe ezingundoqo zilungelelanisiwe. Umzekelo, ukuba i-eriyali ye-LP ethe nkqo isetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kunye ne-eriyali ye-LP ethe tye isetyenziselwa ukwamkela, akukho mandla aya kufunyanwa. Kweli candelo, iindlela ezixeliweyo zokwandisa ulwamkelo olungenazingcingo kunye nokuthintela ilahleko ekungahambelaniyo kwepolarization ziyaphononongwa. Isishwankathelo soyilo olucetywayo lwe-rectenna ngokubhekiselele kwi-polarization sinikwe kwi-Figure 6 kunye nomzekelo we-SoA unikwe kwiThebhile 4.
Umfanekiso wesi-6
Kunxibelelwano lweselula, ulungelelwaniso lwepolarization yomgca phakathi kwezikhululo ezisisiseko kunye neefowuni eziphathwayo akunakwenzeka ukuba kuphunyezwe, ngoko ke ii-antenna zesikhululo ezisisiseko zenzelwe ukuba zibe mbini-polarized okanye ezininzi-polarized ukunqanda ilahleko yokungahambelani kwepolarization. Nangona kunjalo, ukwahluka kwepolarization kwamaza e-LP ngenxa yeziphumo zobuninzi beendlela kuhlala kuyingxaki engasonjululwanga. Ngokusekwe kwingqikelelo yezikhululo eziziimobhayili eziziimobhayili ezininzi, ii-antenna zeselula ze-RFEH ziyilwe njengee-antenna zeLP.
Ii-rectenna ze-CP zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwi-WPT kuba zixhathisa ngokwentelekiso ekungahambelani. Ii-eriyali ze-CP ziyakwazi ukufumana i-radiation ye-CP kunye nolwalathiso olufanayo lokujikeleza (isandla sasekhohlo okanye i-CP yasekunene) ngaphezu kwawo onke amaza e-LP ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwamandla. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, i-antenna ye-CP idlulisela kwaye i-antenna ye-LP ifumana ngelahleko ye-3 dB (i-50% yokulahlekelwa kwamandla). I-CP rectennas kuxelwe ukuba ifanele i-900 MHz kunye ne-2.4 GHz kunye ne-5.8 GHz yoshishino, inzululwazi, kunye neebhendi zonyango kunye namaza e-millimeter. Kwi-RFEH yamaza adityanisiweyo ngokungenasizathu, iyantlukwano yepolarization imele isisombululo esinokubakho kwilahleko engafaniyo yepolarization.
I-polarization epheleleyo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-multi-polarization, iye yacetywa ukuba yoyise ngokupheleleyo ilahleko yokungahambelani kwe-polarization, ivumela ukuqokelelwa kwamaza omabini e-CP kunye ne-LP, apho izinto ezimbini ze-polarized orthogonal LP zifumana ngokufanelekileyo onke amaza e-LP kunye ne-CP. Ukubonisa oku, ii-voltages ezithe nkqo nezithe tyaba (VV kunye ne-VH) zihlala zingaguquguquki nokuba yeyiphi na i-engile yepolarization:
I-CP electromagnetic wave "E" ibala lombane, apho amandla aqokelelwa kabini (kanye ngeyunithi), ngaloo ndlela ifumana icandelo le-CP ngokupheleleyo kwaye yoyisa ilahleko yokungahambelani kwe-3 dB:
Okokugqibela, ngendibaniselwano ye-DC, amaza esiganeko sokwahlulahlula okungafunekiyo angafunyanwa. Umzobo we-7 ubonisa ijometri ye-rectenna echazwe ngokupheleleyo.
Umzobo 7
Isishwankathelo, kwizicelo ze-WPT kunye nokunikezelwa kwamandla anikezelweyo, i-CP ikhethwa ngenxa yokuba iphucula ukusebenza kwe-WPT kungakhathaliseki ukuba i-angle ye-polarization ye-antenna. Kwelinye icala, ekufumaneni imithombo emininzi, ngakumbi kwimithombo yendalo engqongileyo, ii-eriyali ezicazululwe ngokupheleleyo zinokufumana ulwamkelo olungcono kunye nokuphatheka okuphezulu; Ulwakhiwo lwezibuko ezininzi/ezilungisiweyo ezininzi ziyafuneka ukuze kudityaniswe amandla acazululwe ngokupheleleyo eRF okanye eDC.
Isishwankathelo
Eli phepha liphonononga inkqubela yakutshanje yoyilo lwe-antenna ye-RFEH kunye ne-WPT, kwaye iphakamisa ukuhlelwa okusemgangathweni koyilo lwe-antenna ye-RFEH kunye ne-WPT engacetywanga kwiincwadi zangaphambili. Iimfuno ezintathu ze-eriyali ezisisiseko zokuphumeza ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-RF-to-DC zichongwe njengezi:
1. I-Antenna yokulungisa i-impedance bandwidth ye-RFEH kunye ne-WPT bands yomdla;
2. Ulungelelwaniso lwelobe engundoqo phakathi komthumeli kunye nomamkeli kwi-WPT ukusuka kwisondlo esizinikeleyo;
3. Ukudibanisa i-polarization phakathi kwe-rectenna kunye ne-wave yesiganeko kungakhathaliseki ukuba i-angle kunye nesikhundla.
Ngokusekwe kwi-impedance, ii-rectennas zihlelwa zibe yi-50Ω kunye ne-rectifier conjugate rectennas, ngokugxininiswa kwi-impedance ehambelanayo phakathi kweebhendi ezahlukeneyo kunye nemithwalo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwendlela yokudibanisa nganye.
Iimpawu zemitha ye-SoA rectennas ziye zahlaziywa kwimbono yokuqondisa kunye ne-polarization. Iindlela zokuphucula inzuzo ngokwenza i-beamforming kunye nokupakishwa ukoyisa i-beamwidth emxinwa kuyaxoxwa. Ekugqibeleni, ii-rectennas ze-CP ze-WPT zihlaziywa, kunye nokuphunyezwa okuhlukahlukeneyo ukufezekisa ulwamkelo oluzimeleyo lwe-polarization lwe-WPT kunye ne-RFEH.
Ukuze ufunde ngakumbi ngee-eriyali, nceda undwendwele:
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-16-2024
