Iindaba - Uphononongo lwee-Antenna zeMetamaterial Transmission Line

I. Intshayelelo
I-Metamatadium inokuchazwa ngcono njengezinto eziyilwe ngokwenziwa ukuvelisa iipropathi ezithile ze-electromagnetic ezingekho ngokwendalo. I-Metamatadium ezinemvume engalunganga kunye ne-negative permeability zibizwa ngokuba yi-left-handed metamataries (LHMs). Ii-LHM ziye zafundwa ngokubanzi kwiindawo zenzululwazi kunye nobunjineli. Ngo-2003, ii-LHMs zathiywa njengenye yeempumelelo ezilishumi eziphezulu zenzululwazi kwixesha langoku yimagazini yeSayensi. Usetyenziso olutsha, iikhonsepthi, kunye nezixhobo ziye zaphuhliswa ngokuxhaphaza iimpawu ezizodwa ze-LHMs. Indlela yokuhambisa umgca (TL) yindlela efanelekileyo yoyilo enokuthi ihlalutye imigaqo ye-LHM. Xa kuthelekiswa neeTL zemveli, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ye-TL ye-metamaterial kukulawulwa kweeparamitha ze-TL (i-propagation constant) kunye ne-impedance yeempawu. Ukulawulwa kweeparamitha ze-metaterial ze-TL kubonelela ngeembono ezintsha zokuyila izakhiwo ze-eriyali ezinobungakanani obuhlangeneyo, ukusebenza okuphezulu, kunye nemisebenzi yenoveli. Umzobo 1 (a), (b), kunye (c) ubonisa iimodeli zesekethe ezingalahlekiyo zomgca wothumelo ochanekileyo wesandla sasekunene (PRH), umgca wothumelo wesandla sasekhohlo osulungekileyo (PLH), kunye nomgca wothumelo wasekhohlo kwisandla sasekhohlo ( CRLH), ngokulandelelanayo. Njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Figure 1 (a), imodeli yesekethe elinganayo ye-PRH TL idla ngokudibanisa i-series inductance kunye ne-shunt capacitance. Njengoko kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1 (b), imodeli yesekethe ye-PLH TL yindibaniselwano ye-shunt inductance kunye ne-series capacitance. Kwizicelo ezibonakalayo, akunakwenzeka ukuphumeza isekethe ye-PLH. Oku kungenxa ye-parasitic series inductance kunye nemiphumo ye-shunt capacitance. Ngoko ke, iimpawu zomgca wothumelo lwesandla sasekhohlo ezinokuqondwa ngoku zonke zihlanganisiweyo zesandla sasekhohlo kunye nesasekunene, njengoko kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1 (c).

Umzobo 1 Iimodeli zeesekethe zentambo zothumelo ezahlukeneyo

I-propagation constant (γ) yomgca wothumelo (TL) ibalwa njenge: γ=α+jβ=Sqrt(ZY), apho i-Y kunye ne-Z imele ukungena kunye nokuphazamiseka ngokulandelanayo. Uthathela ingqalelo i-CRLH-TL, Z kunye no-Y inokubonakaliswa ngolu hlobo:

Iyunifomu ye-CRLH TL iya kuba nobudlelwane obulandelayo bokusasazwa:

Isigaba esingaguqukiyo u-β inokuba linani lokwenyani okanye inani lentelekelelo. Ukuba u-β uyinyani ngokupheleleyo phakathi koluhlu lwamaza, kukho ibhendi yokudlula ngaphakathi koluhlu lwamaza ngenxa yemeko γ=jβ. Kwelinye icala, ukuba u-β linani lentelekelelo phakathi koluhlu lwamaza, kukho ukumiswa ngaphakathi koluhlu lwamaza ngenxa yemeko γ=α. Le stopband yahlukile kwi-CRLH-TL kwaye ayikho kwi-PRH-TL okanye kwi-PLH-TL. Imizobo 2 (a), (b), kunye (c) ibonisa i-curves ye-dispersion (oko kukuthi, i-ω - β ubudlelwane) ye-PRH-TL, PLH-TL, kunye ne-CRLH-TL, ngokulandelanayo. Ngokusekelwe kwii-curves ze-dispersion, i-velocity yeqela (vg=∂ω/∂β) kunye nesantya sesigaba (vp=ω/β) somgca wothumelo sinokuthathwa kwaye siqikelelwe. Kwi-PRH-TL, inokuthatyathelwa kwakhona kwigophe ukuba i-vg kunye ne-vp ziyahambelana (okt, vpvg>0). Kwi-PLH-TL, ijika libonisa ukuba i-vg kunye ne-vp azihambelani (okt, vpvg<0). Ijika lokusasazwa kwe-CRLH-TL ikwabonisa ubukho bendawo ye-LH (okt, vpvg <0) kunye nommandla we-RH (okt, vpvg> 0). Njengoko kunokubonwa kwi-Figure 2(c), ye-CRLH-TL, ukuba γ linani lokwenyani elisulungekileyo, kukho i-stop band.

Umzobo 2 Iigophe zokusasazwa kweentambo ezahlukeneyo zothumelo

Ngokuqhelekileyo, uchungechunge kunye ne-resonances efanayo ye-CRLH-TL yahlukile, ebizwa ngokuba yimeko engalinganiyo. Nangona kunjalo, xa uchungechunge kunye ne-parallel resonance frequencies zifana, kuthiwa yi-balanced state, kwaye imodeli yesekethe eyenziwe lula elinganayo iboniswe kuMfanekiso 3 (a).

Umzobo 3 Imodeli yeSekethe kunye negophe lokusasazwa komgca wothumelo wesandla sasekhohlo.

Njengoko ukwanda rhoqo, iimpawu zokusasazwa kwe-CRLH-TL zikhula ngokuthe ngcembe. Oku kungenxa yokuba isantya sesigaba (okt, vp=ω/β) sixhomekeka kakhulu kubuninzi. Kwii-frequencies eziphantsi, i-CRLH-TL ilawulwa yi-LH, ngelixa kwiifrikhwensi eziphezulu, i-CRLH-TL ilawulwa yi-RH. Oku kubonisa ubume obumbini be-CRLH-TL. I-equilibrium CRLH-TL idayagram yokusasazeka iboniswe kuMfanekiso 3(b). Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 3(b), utshintsho ukusuka kwi-LH ukuya kwi-RH lwenzeka apha:

Apho u-ω0 yindawo yotshintsho rhoqo. Ngoko ke, kwimeko elungeleleneyo, utshintsho olugudileyo lwenzeka ukusuka kwi-LH ukuya kwi-RH kuba u-γ linani lentelekelelo kuphela. Ke ngoko, akukho sithintelo sokusasazeka kwe-CRLH-TL elinganayo. Nangona i-β ingu-zero ku-ω0 (engenasiphelo ngokunxulumene nobude bezavele obukhokelwayo, okt, λg=2π/|β|), iliza lisaqhuba ngenxa yokuba i-vg ku-ω0 ayingoziro. Ngokufanayo, kwi-ω0, ukutshintshwa kwesigaba ngu-zero kwi-TL yobude be-d (okt, φ= - βd=0). Ukuqhubela phambili kwesigaba (okt, φ>0) kwenzeka kwi-frequency range ye-LH (okt, ω<ω0), kunye nokubuyiswa kwesigaba (okt, φ<0) kwenzeka kwi-RH frequency range (okt, ω>ω0). Kwi-CRLH TL, i-impedance yeempawu ichazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Apho i-ZL kunye ne-ZR zizithintelo ze-PLH kunye ne-PRH, ngokulandelanayo. Kwimeko engalinganiyo, i-impedance yempawu ixhomekeke kubuninzi. I-equation ingentla ibonisa ukuba imeko elungeleleneyo izimele ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ngoko ingaba nomdlalo obanzi we-bandwidth. I-equation ye-TL efunyenwe ngasentla ifana neeparamitha ezisisiseko ezichaza izinto ze-CRLH. Ukusasazwa rhoqo kwe-TL ngu-γ=jβ=Sqrt(ZY). Ukunikezelwa kosasazo olungagungqiyo lwemathiriyeli (β=ω x Sqrt(εμ)), le equation ilandelayo inokufumaneka:

Ngokufanayo, uphawu lothintelo lwe-TL, okt, Z0=Sqrt(ZY), luyafana nesici sothintelo lwemathiriyeli, okt, η=Sqrt(μ/ε), ebonakaliswa ngolu hlobo:

Isalathiso se-refractive ye-CRLH-TL elinganayo kunye engalinganiyo (oko kukuthi, n = cβ / ω) iboniswe kuMfanekiso 4. KuMzobo 4, isalathisi se-CRLH-TL kuluhlu lwayo lwe-LH lubi kunye ne-refractive index kwi-RH yayo. uluhlu lulungile.

Umzobo we-4 Izalathisi eziqhelekileyo ze-refractive ze-CRLH TLs ezilungeleleneyo nezingalinganiyo.

1. Inethiwekhi yeLC
Ngokukhupha iiseli ze-LC ze-bandpass eziboniswe kwi-Figure 5 (a), i-CRLH-TL eqhelekileyo ene-uniformity esebenzayo yobude d inokwakhiwa ngamaxesha athile okanye ngokungekho ngamaxesha. Ngokubanzi, ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukubala kunye nokuveliswa kwe-CRLH-TL, isekethe kufuneka ibe ngamaxesha. Xa kuthelekiswa nomzekelo we-Figure 1 (c), iseli yesekethe yoMzobo 5 (a) ayinayo ubungakanani kwaye ubude bomzimba buncinci kakhulu (oko kukuthi, Δz kwiimitha). Ukuqwalasela ubude bayo bombane θ=Δφ (rad), isigaba seseli yeLC sinokubonakaliswa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze uqonde ngenene i-inductance kunye ne-capacitance, ubude bomzimba p kufuneka busekwe. Ukukhethwa kweteknoloji yesicelo (efana ne-microstrip, i-coplanar waveguide, i-surface mount components, njl.njl.) iya kuchaphazela ubungakanani bomzimba be-LC cell. Iseli yeLC yoMfanekiso 5(a) iyafana nemodeli eyongeziweyo yoMfanekiso 1(c), kunye nomda wayo p = Δz→0. Ngokwemeko yokufana p→ 0 kuMfanekiso 5(b), i-TL inokwakhiwa (nge-cascading LC cells) elingana neyunifomu efanelekileyo ye-CRLH-TL enobude d, ukuze i-TL ibonakale ifana namaza ombane.

Umzobo we-5 CRLH TL esekelwe kwinethiwekhi ye-LC.

Kwiseli ye-LC, ngokuqwalasela iimeko zomda wexesha (i-PBCs) ezifana ne-Bloch-Floquet theorem, ubudlelwane bokusasazeka kweseli ye-LC bungqinwe kwaye buchazwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Uthotho lwe-impedance (Z) kunye ne-shunt admittance (Y) yeseli ye-LC zimiselwa ngolu ngqamaniso lulandelayo:

Kuba ubude bombane beyunithi yesekethe yeLC incinci kakhulu, uqikelelo lweTaylor lunokusetyenziswa ukufumana:

2. Ukuphunyezwa koMzimba
Kwicandelo langaphambili, inethiwekhi ye-LC yokuvelisa i-CRLH-TL ixoxiwe. Amanethiwekhi anjalo e-LC anokuphunyezwa kuphela ngokuthatha amacandelo angokwenyama anokuvelisa i-capacitance efunekayo (CR kunye ne-CL) kunye ne-inductance (LR kunye ne-LL). Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zetshiphu ze-surface Mount technology (SMT) okanye izinto ezisasaziweyo kutsale umdla omkhulu. I-Microstrip, i-stripline, i-coplanar waveguide okanye obunye ubuchwephesha obufanayo bunokusetyenziswa ukuqonda izinto ezisasaziweyo. Zininzi izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha iitshiphusi ze-SMT okanye izinto ezisasazwayo. Izakhiwo ze-CRLH ezisekelwe kwi-SMT zixhaphake kakhulu kwaye kulula ukuzisebenzisa ngokuhlalutya kunye noyilo. Oku kungenxa yokufumaneka kwamacandelo e-chip e-SMT angekho kwi-shelf, angadingi ukulungiswa kunye nokuveliswa xa kuthelekiswa namacandelo asasazwayo. Nangona kunjalo, ubukho bamacandelo e-SMT buthe saa, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo basebenza kuphela kwiifrikhwensi ezisezantsi (okt, 3-6GHz). Ngoko ke, izakhiwo ze-CRLH ezisekelwe kwi-SMT zineendlela ezinqamlekileyo zokusebenza kunye neempawu zesigaba esithile. Umzekelo, ekufakeni umbane, amacandelo etshiphu ye-SMT asenokungenzeki. Umzobo we-6 ubonisa isakhiwo esisasazwayo esisekelwe kwi-CRLH-TL. Isakhiwo sifezekiswa nge-interdigital capacitance kunye nemigca emifutshane yesekethe, eyenza i-series capacitance CL kunye ne-parallel inductance LL ye-LH ngokulandelanayo. I-capacitance phakathi komgca kunye ne-GND ithathwa njenge-RH capacitance CR, kunye ne-inductance eyenziwa yi-flux magnetic eyenziwe ngokuhamba kwangoku kwi-interdigital structure ithathwa njenge-RH inductance LR.